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Google·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Apr 2026

Summary

Coded for Google SWE and got hit with a classic array manipulation problem. Clean constraint (no division, O(n)) made it trickier than it looks at first glance.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array, return a new array where each element is the product of all other elements in the original array. You cannot use division, and the solution must run in linear time.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just divide the total product by each element, which is the obvious wrong answer given the constraint.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use two passes: first compute prefix products (product of all elements to the left of each index), then compute suffix products (product of all elements to the right) and multiply them together. This avoids division and achieves O(n) time and O(n) space (or O(1) extra space if output array is reused).

Pro tip: Clarify edge cases upfront, like arrays with zeros or negative numbers, and mention that the output array can be used to store intermediate results to optimize space. Also, discuss trade-offs between time and space complexity.

1. Understand the problem and constraints

Restate the problem: for each index i, output[i] = product of all elements except nums[i]. Note constraints: no division, O(n) time. Ask clarifying questions about input size, zeros, and negative numbers.

2. Design the two-pass approach

Explain that you'll compute prefix products in one pass and suffix products in another, then combine. This avoids division and meets linear time.

3. Implement prefix pass

Initialize an output array. For each index i from left to right, set output[i] to the product of all elements before i. Update a running prefix product.

4. Implement suffix pass and combine

Traverse from right to left, maintaining a running suffix product. Multiply output[i] by the suffix product to get the final result.

5. Analyze complexity and edge cases

State time complexity O(n) and space complexity O(n) for output (or O(1) extra if output is reused). Discuss handling of zeros, empty array, and single-element array.

Key Points to Mention

  • Avoid division as required; use prefix and suffix products.
  • Time complexity O(n) with two passes.
  • Space complexity O(n) for output, but can be O(1) extra if output array is used for intermediate storage.
  • Handling edge cases: arrays with zeros (one zero vs multiple zeros), negative numbers, empty array, single element.
  • Potential follow-up: optimize space by reusing output array.
  • Clarify that the product of all other elements can be computed without division.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.