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Coinbase·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Coinbase system design round, one big question about blob storage but with a twist: the system lives on the Moon. Unusual enough that I kept second-guessing whether my Earth-centric assumptions were even valid. Took a while to find my footing but I think I got through most of the major areas.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a blob storage system deployed on a lunar base, where clients are on the Moon, hardware is limited, and the link back to Earth is high-latency and intermittent.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAdaptability & Ambiguity
Author's notes

The Moon framing isn't just flavor, it actually breaks a lot of your default assumptions.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints (e.g., data size, access patterns, consistency needs, link characteristics) to scope the problem. Then propose a design that prioritizes local storage and operations on the Moon, with asynchronous replication to Earth, and discuss trade-offs between availability, durability, and consistency. Finally, address failure modes and how the system adapts to intermittent connectivity.

Pro tip: Emphasize that the system must be designed for partition tolerance and offline-first operation, and discuss how you would handle conflict resolution when the link is restored. This shows you understand the realities of distributed systems in extreme environments.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask questions to understand data volume, read/write patterns, latency tolerance, consistency requirements, and the nature of the Earth link (bandwidth, frequency, duration).

2. High-Level Architecture

Propose a layered design: local blob storage on the Moon (e.g., distributed file system or object store), a metadata service, and a replication/sync service to Earth.

3. Data Model and Storage

Decide on blob organization (e.g., immutable blobs, versioning), metadata indexing, and storage hardware considerations (limited capacity, radiation hardening).

4. Replication and Consistency

Design asynchronous replication to Earth with eventual consistency, and discuss conflict resolution strategies (e.g., last-write-wins, vector clocks, CRDTs).

5. Failure Handling and Adaptability

Address how the system handles link outages, storage failures, and degraded modes; include monitoring, alerting, and graceful degradation.

Key Points to Mention

  • CAP theorem trade-offs: prioritize availability and partition tolerance over strong consistency.
  • Use of erasure coding or compression to optimize limited storage and bandwidth.
  • Metadata management: separate metadata from blobs for efficient listing and retrieval.
  • Asynchronous replication with a queue or log-based approach to handle intermittent connectivity.
  • Conflict resolution mechanisms for concurrent updates during partitions.
  • Caching and prefetching strategies to reduce latency for frequent accesses.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.