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Airbnb·Data Scientist·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2023Remote

Summary

Airbnb data scientist interview that leaned heavily on applied SQL and Python work, basically building a modeling pipeline from scratch using a user activity table. The questions weren't purely theoretical, they wanted you to actually write code and interpret results, which I wasn't fully prepared for.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Given a table of daily user activity with clicks and purchases per variant, write SQL to aggregate this data into a feature set suitable for modeling.

Data ModelingProduct Analytics & MetricsA/B Testing & Experimentation
Author's notes

I knew window functions were the move here but I second-guessed myself on whether to use a rolling average or just daily aggregates.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the grain of the data and the modeling goal (e.g., user-level features for predicting purchase propensity). Then write SQL that aggregates daily activity into a single row per user (or user-variant) with meaningful features like total clicks, total purchases, conversion rate, and recency. Use conditional aggregation and window functions to handle time-based features and variant comparisons.

Pro tip: Always include a time window or recency feature (e.g., clicks in last 7 days) because raw totals can be dominated by long-term users and miss recent behavior shifts. Also, explicitly handle NULLs and divide-by-zero when computing rates.

1. Clarify the data and goal

Ask about the table schema (columns like date, user_id, variant, clicks, purchases) and the modeling objective (e.g., user-level prediction, variant comparison). Confirm the desired output grain (e.g., one row per user or per user-variant).

2. Define the aggregation grain

Decide whether to aggregate per user, per user-variant, or per variant. For modeling, user-level features are common, but if comparing variants, you might need variant-level aggregates or user-variant interactions.

3. Compute core aggregate features

Use SUM, AVG, COUNT, and conditional aggregation (CASE WHEN) to compute total clicks, total purchases, conversion rate (purchases/clicks), and activity days. Handle division by zero with NULLIF.

4. Add time-based and derived features

Use window functions or date filters to create recency features (e.g., clicks in last 7 days), trend features (e.g., week-over-week change), and ratios. Consider normalizing by tenure or active days.

5. Finalize and validate the query

Ensure the query returns one row per entity, handles NULLs, and includes all necessary features. Optionally, add a final SELECT to pivot variant-level features if needed for A/B testing.

Key Points to Mention

  • Grain of the output table (e.g., one row per user) and how it aligns with the modeling task.
  • Use of conditional aggregation (CASE WHEN) to compute variant-specific metrics if needed.
  • Handling of division by zero and NULLs using NULLIF and COALESCE.
  • Inclusion of time-windowed features (e.g., last 7/30 days) to capture recency and trends.
  • Normalization of features (e.g., clicks per active day) to account for user tenure.
  • Consideration of A/B testing context: ensuring features are computed per variant and can be compared.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Using Python, fit a linear or logistic regression on the aggregated features and walk through how you'd interpret the model coefficients.

Data ModelingA/B Testing & ExperimentationProduct Analytics & Metrics
Author's notes

Went with logistic since the target was purchases (binary).

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem context and data structure, then demonstrate a clean Python implementation using scikit-learn or statsmodels. Focus on interpreting coefficients in terms of the business metric, including direction, magnitude, and significance, while addressing common pitfalls like multicollinearity and scaling.

Pro tip: Use statsmodels for detailed coefficient statistics and scikit-learn for pipeline efficiency; always discuss the practical significance of coefficients in the context of Airbnb's marketplace (e.g., a 1-unit increase in X leads to Y% change in bookings).

1. Clarify the problem and data

Ask about the target variable (e.g., booking probability, price), feature types, and whether the goal is inference or prediction. Confirm if aggregated features are at listing, host, or city level.

2. Preprocess and fit the model

Handle missing values, encode categorical variables, and scale features if needed. Use train-test split and fit a linear regression (for continuous target) or logistic regression (for binary target) with appropriate libraries.

3. Evaluate model performance

Check R-squared, RMSE for linear; accuracy, AUC, confusion matrix for logistic. Discuss overfitting and regularization (L1/L2) if relevant.

4. Interpret coefficients

For linear: a one-unit increase in feature X changes the target by β units, holding others constant. For logistic: a one-unit increase in X multiplies the odds by exp(β). Discuss statistical significance (p-values) and confidence intervals.

5. Address limitations and next steps

Mention multicollinearity (check VIF), interaction effects, and causality vs correlation. Suggest validating with A/B tests or using SHAP for feature importance.

Key Points to Mention

  • Difference between linear and logistic regression: link function and coefficient interpretation (odds ratio vs direct effect).
  • Importance of feature scaling for regularized models and coefficient comparability.
  • Handling categorical variables: one-hot encoding vs ordinal encoding and reference category interpretation.
  • Multicollinearity detection and mitigation (VIF, correlation matrix, dropping features).
  • Statistical significance vs practical significance: p-values, confidence intervals, and effect size.
  • Business context: translating coefficients into actionable insights for Airbnb (e.g., impact of reviews on booking probability).

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.