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Decagon·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026Remote

Summary

Two-hour technical session at Decagon for a Software Engineer role where you actually write code live with an AI assistant and then pivot into a full system design discussion. The coding part was surprisingly open-ended and the design conversation went pretty deep into multi-tenant concerns and observability.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Using an AI coding assistant of your choice, implement a component of an AI Gateway. Options included request routing across multiple LLM providers, retry and fallback logic, or token-budget enforcement.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

I went with retry/fallback logic because it felt most concrete and I could show real decision-making fast.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Pick one component (e.g., retry/fallback) and walk through a concrete design, explicitly stating assumptions and trade-offs. Use the AI assistant as a tool to accelerate coding, but focus your answer on architecture, failure modes, and how you validated the AI-generated code.

Pro tip: Treat the AI assistant as a junior engineer: review its output, test edge cases, and be ready to explain why you accepted or rejected its suggestions. This shows you can leverage AI without blindly trusting it.

1. Clarify requirements and scope

Ask clarifying questions about expected traffic, provider SLAs, budget constraints, and whether the component must be stateless or can use shared state. Define what 'success' looks like for the chosen component.

2. Choose the component and outline the design

Select one of the three options and sketch a high-level architecture: interfaces, data flow, and key modules. Mention how the AI assistant will be used (e.g., to generate boilerplate, suggest algorithms, or write tests).

3. Detail the implementation and trade-offs

Explain the core logic (e.g., retry with exponential backoff, fallback provider selection, token counting and enforcement). Discuss trade-offs like latency vs. reliability, cost vs. performance, and simplicity vs. flexibility.

4. Address failure modes and edge cases

Describe how the component handles provider outages, rate limits, malformed responses, and partial failures. Include monitoring, logging, and alerting considerations.

5. Validate and iterate with the AI assistant

Explain how you used the AI assistant to generate tests, simulate failures, and refactor code. Highlight any corrections or improvements you made to the AI's output.

Key Points to Mention

  • Idempotency and request deduplication to avoid duplicate charges or side effects during retries.
  • Circuit breaker pattern to prevent cascading failures when a provider is unhealthy.
  • Token budget enforcement strategies: pre-request estimation, post-request reconciliation, and per-user quotas.
  • Provider abstraction layer to normalize APIs and enable easy addition of new LLM providers.
  • Observability: metrics (latency, error rates, token usage), tracing, and structured logging for debugging.
  • Testing approach: unit tests for logic, integration tests with mocked providers, and chaos engineering for resilience.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Walk through the broader system design of an AI Gateway, covering provider abstraction, per-tenant and per-model rate limiting, prompt caching, streaming response handling, observability across providers, authentication and quota management, and how the architecture evolves as new model providers are added.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

This is where the interview really lived.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and scale, then present a layered architecture: API gateway, provider abstraction, rate limiting, caching, streaming, observability, and auth/quota. Walk through each component, highlighting trade-offs and how the design accommodates new providers with minimal changes.

Pro tip: Emphasize idempotency and graceful degradation: when a provider fails, fallback to another or return cached responses, and ensure streaming connections handle backpressure and timeouts. Also, discuss how you'd measure and monitor provider-specific latency and error rates to inform routing decisions.

1. Clarify Requirements and Scale

Ask about expected QPS, number of tenants, models, providers, latency SLOs, and compliance needs. This shapes decisions on rate limiting granularity, caching strategy, and observability depth.

2. Design Core Architecture

Outline the main components: API gateway for auth and routing, provider abstraction layer for unified interface, rate limiter, cache, streaming handler, and observability pipeline. Explain how requests flow through these.

3. Detail Key Subsystems

For each subsystem, describe implementation choices: e.g., token bucket for rate limiting, Redis for caching, SSE/WebSockets for streaming, OpenTelemetry for tracing. Discuss trade-offs like consistency vs. latency.

4. Address Extensibility and Evolution

Explain how to add a new provider: implement adapter, register in provider registry, update routing rules, and ensure observability and rate limiting work out of the box. Mention configuration-driven approach.

5. Summarize and Discuss Trade-offs

Recap the design, highlighting how it meets requirements. Discuss potential bottlenecks, failure modes, and future improvements like intelligent routing based on cost/latency.

Key Points to Mention

  • Provider abstraction via adapter pattern and unified API schema (e.g., OpenAI-compatible) to normalize requests/responses across providers.
  • Per-tenant and per-model rate limiting using distributed counters (e.g., Redis) with sliding window or token bucket algorithms, and quota management with periodic sync to a database.
  • Prompt caching with exact-match or semantic caching, considering cache invalidation, TTL, and privacy (tenant isolation).
  • Streaming response handling using SSE or WebSockets, with backpressure handling, timeouts, and error propagation to clients.
  • Observability: distributed tracing (OpenTelemetry), metrics (latency, error rates, token usage) tagged by provider/tenant/model, and logging with correlation IDs.
  • Authentication and quota management: API keys or OAuth, JWT validation, quota enforcement at gateway, and integration with billing systems.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.