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Google·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Google SWE coding round with a subarray optimization problem. The question looked deceptively simple at first glance but the key insight took me an embarrassingly long time to land on.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array, find a contiguous subarray such that the sum of its minimum and maximum values is as large as possible. Return that maximum sum.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I stared at this for a bit before realizing the answer is just pick any single element and you get 2x that element's value.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem and constraints, then propose an efficient algorithm. A monotonic stack approach can find for each element the nearest smaller and larger elements to determine valid subarrays where it is the min or max, but a simpler O(n^2) brute force may be acceptable for small inputs. Discuss trade-offs and optimize if needed.

Pro tip: Always start by asking about input size and constraints; this shows you care about efficiency and helps you choose the right approach. Also, consider edge cases like all negative numbers or duplicates.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask about input size, value ranges, and whether the subarray must be non-empty. Confirm that min and max refer to the minimum and maximum values within the subarray.

2. Brainstorm approaches

Consider brute force O(n^2) by checking all subarrays, and more efficient methods using monotonic stacks or divide-and-conquer. Discuss time and space complexity.

3. Design the algorithm

For an efficient solution, use monotonic stacks to find for each element the range where it is the minimum and the range where it is the maximum. Then, for each element, consider subarrays where it is the min or max, and compute the sum with the other extreme.

4. Handle edge cases

Test with arrays of size 1, all equal elements, strictly increasing/decreasing, and negative numbers. Ensure the algorithm returns the correct maximum sum.

5. Analyze complexity

State the time and space complexity of your solution. For the monotonic stack approach, aim for O(n) time and O(n) space.

Key Points to Mention

  • Time and space complexity trade-offs between brute force and optimized solutions
  • Use of monotonic stacks to find nearest smaller and larger elements
  • Handling duplicates and negative numbers correctly
  • Edge cases such as single-element arrays and all equal elements
  • Potential for divide-and-conquer or segment tree approaches
  • Importance of clarifying constraints before coding

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.