Classic system design prompt but there's actually a lot hiding under the surface.
Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements, then design the high-level architecture covering core components like problem repository, code execution, and submission handling. Dive into critical components such as the code execution engine, emphasizing scalability, security, and trade-offs.
Pro tip: Emphasize the importance of isolating code execution using containers or microVMs to prevent security breaches, and discuss how to handle resource constraints and scaling for concurrent submissions.
Ask questions to understand the scope: user roles (admin, user), features (problem browsing, code editing, submission, judging), scale (number of users, submissions per day), and constraints (latency, security).
Outline the main components: web servers, database, code execution service, message queue, and caching. Sketch a simple architecture diagram and explain data flow.
Focus on the code execution engine: how to run untrusted code securely (sandboxing), manage resources (CPU, memory), and scale horizontally. Discuss database schema for problems and submissions.
Discuss trade-offs like synchronous vs asynchronous judging, SQL vs NoSQL for different data, and strategies for scaling (caching, sharding, load balancing).
Recap the design, highlight potential bottlenecks (e.g., code execution service), and suggest monitoring and optimization approaches.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.