This is the one that got me and I still can't fully explain why.
Start by clarifying the requirements and use cases for the trie, then design the node structure and operations (insert, search, startsWith). Implement the trie with clean, efficient code, and discuss time/space complexity and potential optimizations.
Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of real-world trade-offs: mention that tries are ideal for prefix-based searches but can be memory-heavy, and suggest alternatives like ternary search trees or compressed tries when appropriate.
Ask about the expected operations (insert, search, delete, prefix search), character set (lowercase, Unicode), and any constraints on memory or performance.
Define a TrieNode class with a children map/array and a boolean flag to mark the end of a word. Consider using a hash map for flexibility or an array for fixed alphabets.
Write methods for insert, search, and startsWith. For insert, traverse or create nodes for each character; for search, traverse and check the end-of-word flag; for startsWith, traverse and return true if all characters exist.
Discuss time complexity O(m) for operations where m is word length, and space complexity O(total characters * alphabet size). Mention optimizations like using a compressed trie or limiting children.
Walk through examples, including empty strings, overlapping words, and deletion if required. Highlight how the trie handles these cases.
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