← Voleon Interview Insights

Voleon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026Remote

Summary

Voleon threw a chess-themed algorithmic problem at me that started reasonable and then got a lot more interesting once blockers entered the picture. Two-part question, one interview, and I left feeling like I'd only half-solved it.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Given an N×N chessboard with a list of queens and a list of query points, for each point determine how many queens can attack it, where a queen attacks along its row, column, and both diagonals.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Part one felt manageable.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Preprocess the board to count queens in each row, column, and both diagonal directions, then for each query point sum the counts from the four lines intersecting at that point, subtracting duplicates if the point itself has a queen. Use hash maps or arrays to store counts for O(1) lookup per query.

Pro tip: Clarify upfront whether queens can attack through other queens (they can) and whether a queen on the query point counts as attacking itself (usually no). This shows attention to edge cases and avoids incorrect assumptions.

1. Clarify problem details

Confirm the attack rules, whether multiple queens can occupy the same cell, and if a queen on the query point should be counted. Ask about input size constraints to guide complexity choices.

2. Design preprocessing

Create data structures to count queens per row, column, and both diagonals. For diagonals, use keys like (row - col) and (row + col) to identify each diagonal uniquely.

3. Build the counts

Iterate through the list of queens once, incrementing the corresponding row, column, and diagonal counters. This takes O(Q) time where Q is the number of queens.

4. Answer queries

For each query point (r, c), sum the counts from its row, column, and two diagonals. If a queen is present at (r, c), subtract 1 to avoid counting it as attacking itself (if required).

5. Analyze complexity

State that preprocessing is O(Q) and each query is O(1), giving overall O(Q + K) time and O(N) space for the counters, which is optimal.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of hash maps or arrays to store counts for rows, columns, and diagonals.
  • Diagonal identification via (row - column) and (row + column) keys.
  • Handling of duplicate queens or multiple queens on the same cell.
  • Edge case: queen on the query point itself (subtract if needed).
  • Time and space complexity: O(Q + K) time, O(N) space.
  • Potential follow-up: if queries are online, preprocessing still works; if board is huge, use sparse representation.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Now add 'rocks' to the board that block a queen's line of attack. A rock stops the attack ray at that cell, the rock itself is not attacked, and any point behind the rock on that ray is safe from that queen. How do you handle this efficiently?

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This is where I started to struggle.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the board as a grid and for each queen, cast rays in all 8 directions until hitting a rock or the board edge. Use a precomputed structure like a sorted list of rocks per row/column/diagonal to quickly find the first blocker, then mark cells before the blocker as attacked. This yields O(Q * (R + C)) time with O(R + C) space, where Q is number of queens and R, C are board dimensions.

Pro tip: Mention that you can precompute the nearest rock in each direction for every cell using dynamic programming or binary search, turning the per-queen ray casting into O(1) lookups per direction. This shows you think about scalability and trade-offs between preprocessing time and query time.

1. Clarify the problem and constraints

Confirm the board size, number of queens, number of rocks, and whether multiple queens can attack the same cell. Ask if rocks can be placed on queens or if queens can be placed on rocks.

2. Choose a representation

Decide on a data structure: a 2D grid for the board, plus sets or sorted lists for rock positions per row, column, and diagonal. This allows O(log n) or O(1) lookup of the nearest rock.

3. Preprocess rock positions

For each row, column, and diagonal, store the indices of rocks in sorted order. Optionally, precompute for each cell the nearest rock in each of the 8 directions using DP.

4. Process each queen's rays

For each queen, iterate in 8 directions. At each step, check if the next cell is a rock; if so, stop. Otherwise, mark the cell as attacked and continue. Use the precomputed structures to jump directly to the first rock.

5. Analyze complexity and optimize

Discuss time and space complexity. If many queries, consider precomputing attack maps for all possible queen positions or using bitsets for faster marking.

Key Points to Mention

  • Ray casting in 8 directions with early termination at rocks or board edges.
  • Using sorted lists or hash maps to quickly find the first rock in a direction.
  • Precomputing nearest rock for each cell and direction to achieve O(1) per ray step.
  • Handling multiple queens efficiently by either processing sequentially or using a combined attack map.
  • Space-time trade-offs: precomputation vs. on-the-fly ray casting.
  • Edge cases: queens on same line, rocks at board edges, no rocks, overlapping attack ranges.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.