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Mistral AI·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Puzzle-heavy technical screen for a software engineer role at Mistral AI. Three problems back to back: probability, work rates, and a combinatorics battery puzzle. The battery one was the most interesting and probably where most people slow down.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

If the probability of seeing at least one car in one hour is 0.99, what is the probability of seeing at least one car in a half hour?

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just halve 0.99, which is obviously wrong but the brain does weird things under pressure.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model car arrivals as a Poisson process, where the probability of at least one event in time t is 1 - e^{-λt}. Use the given probability for t=1 hour to solve for λ, then compute the probability for t=0.5 hours.

Pro tip: State the Poisson assumption explicitly and note that it implies independent arrivals with a constant rate. This shows you understand the underlying model and avoids ambiguity.

1. Identify the distribution

Recognize that car arrivals can be modeled as a Poisson process, where the number of events in a fixed interval follows a Poisson distribution.

2. Set up the equation

Use the formula P(at least one in t) = 1 - e^{-λt}. Plug in the given probability for t=1 hour: 0.99 = 1 - e^{-λ}.

3. Solve for the rate parameter

Rearrange to find e^{-λ} = 0.01, then take the natural logarithm: λ = -ln(0.01) ≈ 4.605 events per hour.

4. Compute for half hour

For t=0.5 hours, compute P(at least one) = 1 - e^{-λ*0.5} = 1 - e^{-2.3025} ≈ 1 - 0.1 = 0.9.

5. Verify and present

Check that the result is less than 0.99 and greater than 0, which makes sense. Present the answer clearly with the assumption stated.

Key Points to Mention

  • Poisson process assumption: events occur independently at a constant average rate.
  • Formula for probability of at least one event: P(X ≥ 1) = 1 - P(X = 0) = 1 - e^{-λt}.
  • Solving for λ using the given probability: λ = -ln(1 - 0.99) = -ln(0.01).
  • Scaling the rate for half the time: λt = 0.5 * λ.
  • Final calculation: 1 - e^{-0.5 * (-ln 0.01)} = 1 - 0.1 = 0.9.
  • Sanity check: probability for half hour should be lower than for one hour.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

One crew finishes a job in 6 days, another in 8 days. How long do they take working together?

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Pretty standard work-rate problem.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Treat the problem as a rates problem: find each crew's work rate (jobs per day), add them to get the combined rate, then take the reciprocal to find the time. State the formula clearly and compute the answer as 24/7 days (about 3.43 days).

Pro tip: Mention that this is a harmonic mean problem and that the result is always less than the fastest individual time, which shows deeper understanding. Also, if coding, note that using floating-point division is fine but be aware of precision issues in real systems.

1. Define the work rates

Express each crew's rate as jobs per day: Crew A does 1/6 job per day, Crew B does 1/8 job per day.

2. Combine the rates

Add the rates to get the combined rate: 1/6 + 1/8 = 7/24 job per day.

3. Calculate the time

Take the reciprocal of the combined rate to find the time: 24/7 days, which is approximately 3.43 days.

4. Sanity check

Verify that the answer is less than the faster crew's time (6 days) and explain why this makes sense.

Key Points to Mention

  • Work rate concept: rate = 1/time
  • Adding rates when working together
  • Reciprocal to find combined time
  • Result is 24/7 days or about 3.43 days
  • Harmonic mean relationship
  • Sanity check: combined time < min(individual times)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

You have 8 batteries, 4 of which work. A toy requires 2 working batteries to turn on. What is the minimum number of tests needed to guarantee finding a working pair?

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This one took me a while and I think I overcomplicated it initially by trying to think about it like a sorting problem.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the problem as finding a pair of working batteries among 8 with exactly 4 working. Use a combinatorial strategy: test pairs of batteries in a way that maximizes information gain, such as partitioning into groups and testing within groups, to guarantee finding a working pair in the minimum number of tests.

Pro tip: Demonstrate that you understand the worst-case guarantee by considering adversarial placement of working batteries. Mention that the answer is 7 tests, and explain why fewer cannot guarantee success.

1. Understand the problem constraints

Clarify that there are exactly 4 working and 4 non-working batteries, and a test consists of inserting two batteries into the toy and observing if it turns on. The goal is to guarantee finding a working pair in the minimum number of tests.

2. Consider lower bound

Argue that with fewer than 7 tests, an adversary could arrange the working batteries to avoid detection. For example, after 6 tests, there could still be a configuration where no tested pair works.

3. Design a strategy with 7 tests

Partition the 8 batteries into two groups of 4. Test all pairs within the first group (6 tests). If none work, then the first group has at most 1 working battery, so the second group has at least 3 working batteries. Then test any pair from the second group (1 test) to find a working pair.

4. Verify correctness

Show that if a working pair is found in the first group, we are done. If not, the second group must contain at least 3 working batteries, so any pair from it will work, guaranteeing success in 7 tests.

5. Discuss optimality

Explain that 7 is minimal because with 6 tests, an adversary could place the 4 working batteries such that no tested pair works (e.g., at most one working battery in each tested pair).

Key Points to Mention

  • Combinatorial reasoning and worst-case analysis
  • Pigeonhole principle: if 4 batteries have at most 1 working, then the other 4 have at least 3 working
  • Information theory: each test gives binary outcome, but not all outcomes are equally likely
  • Adversarial argument for lower bound
  • Partitioning strategy to maximize information gain
  • Guarantee vs. average-case performance

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.