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Openai·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

OpenAI SWE interview with a coding problem centered on building a spreadsheet engine from scratch. The problem sounds deceptively simple but the dependency tracking piece is where it gets real.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a spreadsheet cell system that supports Excel-style formula notation (e.g. a cell value defined as the sum of two other cells). How do you handle cascading updates when a dependency cell changes?

System DesignAlgorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The basic parsing part I got through fine.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by modeling cells as nodes in a directed graph where edges represent dependencies, then discuss how to propagate updates using topological sorting or depth-first traversal with cycle detection. Emphasize the trade-offs between eager and lazy evaluation, and how to handle cycles gracefully.

Pro tip: Mention that you would use a topological sort to ensure dependencies are updated in the correct order, and that you would detect cycles to prevent infinite loops—this shows you understand both correctness and robustness.

1. Model the dependency graph

Represent each cell as a node and each formula as directed edges from dependencies to dependents. This graph captures the relationships needed for updates.

2. Detect cycles

Before evaluating, check for cycles using DFS or Kahn's algorithm. If a cycle exists, mark affected cells as errors to avoid infinite recursion.

3. Choose update strategy

Decide between eager (recompute immediately on change) and lazy (recompute on read) evaluation. Discuss trade-offs: eager gives immediate consistency but may waste computation; lazy is efficient but can cause stale reads.

4. Propagate changes

For eager updates, perform a topological sort of the affected subgraph and recompute cells in order. For lazy, mark dependents as dirty and recompute on demand.

5. Optimize and handle edge cases

Consider incremental updates, caching, and batching to improve performance. Handle errors like circular references and invalid formulas.

Key Points to Mention

  • Directed acyclic graph (DAG) representation of cell dependencies
  • Topological sorting for correct update order
  • Cycle detection to prevent infinite loops
  • Eager vs. lazy evaluation trade-offs
  • Incremental recomputation and caching for performance
  • Error propagation for invalid or circular formulas

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.