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BetterHelp·Data Scientist·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jul 2026Remote

Summary

BetterHelp had a VP and PM tag-teaming the interview, which felt more intense than I expected for a data scientist role. The whole session was basically one long experiment design problem with a lot of moving parts.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

You need to run around 100 experiments but don't have enough traffic to hit the standard 0.05 significance threshold for each one. How would you adjust your alpha to make sure the features you ship are actually impactful?

A/B Testing & ExperimentationTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This is where I stumbled a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Acknowledge the multiple testing problem and propose a correction method like Bonferroni or Benjamini-Hochberg to control false positives. Then discuss trade-offs with statistical power and suggest complementary strategies such as sequential testing, Bayesian methods, or prioritizing experiments based on expected impact.

Pro tip: Don't just apply a correction blindly—calculate the required sample size and power for your adjusted alpha, and consider whether you can increase traffic or run fewer, higher-impact experiments instead.

1. Acknowledge the multiple comparisons problem

Explain that running 100 experiments inflates the family-wise error rate, making false positives likely if no adjustment is made.

2. Choose an appropriate correction method

Discuss options like Bonferroni (controls FWER) or Benjamini-Hochberg (controls FDR), and justify which is more suitable given the context.

3. Assess impact on power and sample size

Explain that a stricter alpha reduces power, so you may need larger sample sizes or longer test durations to detect true effects.

4. Consider alternative approaches

Mention sequential testing, Bayesian methods, or pre-registration to maintain rigor while accommodating limited traffic.

5. Prioritize experiments and define success

Suggest focusing on fewer, high-impact experiments and using business metrics to define practical significance, not just statistical significance.

Key Points to Mention

  • Family-wise error rate (FWER) and false discovery rate (FDR)
  • Bonferroni correction: alpha/n, and its conservativeness
  • Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for controlling FDR
  • Statistical power and the trade-off with Type II errors
  • Sequential testing or alpha spending to allow early stopping
  • Bayesian A/B testing as an alternative to frequentist p-values
  • Practical significance vs. statistical significance
  • Pre-registration and prioritization of experiments

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

After seeing early results from those experiments, how would you bring in an adaptive method like a multi-armed bandit to update your decision thresholds as you go?

A/B Testing & ExperimentationAdaptability & Ambiguity
Author's notes

I actually liked this part of the question.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by acknowledging the early results and the need to balance exploration and exploitation. Then, describe a step-by-step plan to transition from fixed thresholds to an adaptive multi-armed bandit approach, emphasizing how you would update thresholds based on ongoing data. Highlight the importance of monitoring and validation to ensure the method works in practice.

Pro tip: Emphasize that you would start with a simple bandit algorithm like Thompson Sampling or UCB, and gradually increase complexity as you gather more data. Also, mention the importance of defining a clear reward metric and guardrail metrics to avoid unintended consequences.

1. Define the objective and reward metric

Clarify what you are optimizing (e.g., click-through rate, conversion) and define the reward signal for the bandit. Ensure it aligns with business goals and is measurable.

2. Choose a bandit algorithm

Select an appropriate algorithm (e.g., Thompson Sampling, UCB) based on the problem characteristics, such as whether rewards are binary or continuous, and the need for simplicity vs. optimality.

3. Set up the adaptive threshold mechanism

Decide how the bandit will update decision thresholds: e.g., dynamically allocate traffic to better-performing variants, or adjust thresholds based on posterior distributions. Ensure the mechanism allows for exploration.

4. Implement and monitor

Deploy the bandit in a controlled manner, monitor its performance against guardrail metrics, and be ready to intervene if it underperforms. Use A/B testing as a fallback if needed.

5. Evaluate and iterate

Continuously evaluate the bandit's performance, compare it to the fixed-threshold approach, and iterate on the algorithm or parameters as more data becomes available.

Key Points to Mention

  • Exploration-exploitation trade-off
  • Thompson Sampling or UCB as potential algorithms
  • Defining a clear reward metric and guardrail metrics
  • Dynamic traffic allocation based on performance
  • Monitoring and validation to ensure robustness
  • Potential challenges: non-stationarity, delayed feedback, and sample size requirements

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

For a new product feature, what primary metric would you choose to measure success, why does it matter, and how would you prevent that metric from being gamed or crowding out other important signals?

Product Analytics & MetricsA/B Testing & Experimentation
Author's notes

Blanked for a second on the gaming piece specifically.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Choose a primary metric that directly reflects the feature's intended user value and business goal, such as client-therapist match success rate or session completion rate. Explain why it matters by linking it to BetterHelp's mission of making therapy accessible and effective. Then describe guardrail metrics and anti-gaming strategies, such as monitoring counter-metrics and using statistical tests to detect anomalies.

Pro tip: Frame your answer around the 'North Star' concept but emphasize that a good metric must be actionable and aligned with long-term user outcomes, not just short-term gains. Mention that you'd validate the metric through A/B testing and qualitative research to ensure it's not a vanity metric.

1. Define the feature and its goal

Briefly state the feature's purpose and the user problem it solves, ensuring alignment with BetterHelp's mission. This sets context for metric selection.

2. Select the primary metric

Choose a metric that directly measures the feature's success in delivering value, such as 'percentage of clients who find a suitable therapist within 7 days' or 'session attendance rate'. Justify why it's the best indicator.

3. Explain why it matters

Connect the metric to business outcomes (e.g., retention, revenue) and user outcomes (e.g., improved mental health). Highlight its role in decision-making.

4. Prevent gaming and crowding out

Propose guardrail metrics (e.g., therapist satisfaction, cancellation rates) and anti-gaming tactics like anomaly detection, holdout groups, and regular metric reviews. Emphasize balancing multiple signals.

5. Validate and iterate

Describe how you'd test the metric's effectiveness via A/B tests and qualitative feedback, and adjust if unintended consequences arise.

Key Points to Mention

  • Alignment with business and user goals (e.g., BetterHelp's mission to make therapy accessible)
  • Use of guardrail metrics to monitor unintended consequences
  • Anti-gaming strategies: anomaly detection, holdout groups, and qualitative research
  • A/B testing to validate metric and feature impact
  • Avoiding vanity metrics and ensuring actionability
  • Balancing short-term wins with long-term user outcomes

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.