← Meta Interview Insights

Meta·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Meta SWE coding round, one problem, bitmask stuff. Pretty clean problem once you see the trick but I wasn't sure I explained the complexity well enough in the moment.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a target string and a list of candidate strings, return the candidates whose set of distinct characters is entirely contained within the distinct character set of the target string.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The key move is encoding each string as a bitmask over the alphabet, then checking if the candidate's bits are all present in the target's bits using bitwise AND against the complement.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem and constraints, then propose an efficient solution using bitmasks to represent character sets. Explain the algorithm step-by-step, analyze time and space complexity, and discuss trade-offs between different approaches.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of Unicode and character encoding by asking whether the input is limited to ASCII or may include Unicode, and mention that bitmasking is efficient for small alphabets but a hash set is more general.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input size, character set (ASCII vs Unicode), case sensitivity, and whether the output order matters. Confirm that 'distinct characters' means unique characters ignoring duplicates.

2. Propose a bitmask-based approach

Represent each string's distinct characters as a bitmask (e.g., 26 bits for lowercase English letters). Precompute the target's bitmask, then for each candidate, check if (candidate_mask & ~target_mask) == 0.

3. Analyze complexity and trade-offs

Time: O(T + sum of candidate lengths) with bitmask operations; space: O(1) per string. Discuss alternative hash set approach: O(T + sum of candidate lengths) time but higher constant factors and memory.

4. Handle edge cases and extensions

Consider empty strings, empty candidate list, and large alphabets (e.g., Unicode). For large alphabets, suggest using a hash set or a boolean array of size equal to the alphabet.

5. Write clean, efficient code

Implement the solution with clear variable names and comments. Optimize by early termination if a candidate contains a character not in the target.

Key Points to Mention

  • Bitmask representation for character sets (e.g., 26-bit integer for lowercase letters)
  • Time complexity: O(total characters in target and candidates) with O(1) per character check
  • Space complexity: O(1) extra space for bitmasks, or O(alphabet size) for hash sets
  • Trade-offs: bitmask is faster and more memory-efficient for small alphabets; hash set is more flexible for large alphabets
  • Edge cases: empty strings, empty candidate list, case sensitivity, Unicode characters
  • Optimization: early exit when a candidate contains a character not in the target

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.