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Shopify·Data Scientist·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026Remote

Summary

SQL-heavy take-home style question for a DS role at Shopify. The whole thing was one big multi-part problem around detecting pirated theme usage on their marketplace and quantifying the revenue hit. Pretty involved, lots of edge cases to think through.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

Write a SQL query to produce a monthly trend table showing total active paid theme usages, pirated usages, number of pirating shops, and piracy rate for each month in 2023.

Product Analytics & MetricsData Modeling
Author's notes

The core challenge here is generating the month spine first and then joining usage rows correctly.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the definitions of 'active paid theme usage', 'pirated usage', and 'pirating shop' to ensure alignment. Then, design a query that aggregates data monthly, joining usage and shop tables, and computes the piracy rate as pirated usages divided by total usages. Use a calendar table or generate months to ensure all months in 2023 are included, even if no data exists.

Pro tip: Mention that you would validate the query by checking edge cases, such as shops that switch from pirated to paid, and ensure the piracy rate is calculated correctly with appropriate denominators. Also, consider performance implications and suggest indexing on date and shop_id columns.

1. Clarify Definitions and Assumptions

Define what constitutes an 'active paid theme usage', 'pirated usage', and a 'pirating shop'. Confirm whether a shop can have both paid and pirated usages in the same month and how to handle such cases.

2. Identify Relevant Tables and Columns

Locate tables containing theme usage data, shop information, and piracy detection. Determine the date column to group by month and the shop identifier to count distinct pirating shops.

3. Aggregate Monthly Metrics

Write subqueries or CTEs to calculate total active paid usages, total pirated usages, and distinct count of pirating shops per month. Ensure you filter for the year 2023.

4. Compute Piracy Rate and Format Output

Calculate piracy rate as pirated usages divided by total usages (paid + pirated) per month. Use a calendar table or generate_series to include all months in 2023, filling missing data with zeros.

5. Validate and Optimize

Check for data quality issues, such as duplicate records or missing months. Suggest indexing strategies and consider using window functions if needed for cumulative metrics.

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of active paid theme usage: likely a subscription or active license, not just a one-time purchase.
  • Pirated usage detection: may come from a separate table or flag indicating unauthorized use.
  • Pirating shop: a shop that has at least one pirated usage in the month; count distinct shops.
  • Piracy rate: pirated usages / (paid usages + pirated usages) per month.
  • Handling months with no data: use a calendar table or generate_series to ensure all 12 months appear.
  • Performance considerations: indexing on date and shop_id, and avoiding unnecessary joins.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Write a SQL query to produce a monthly revenue impact table showing potential theme revenue lost, platform revenue from pirating shops, average platform revenue per pirating shop, and the percentage of total platform revenue those shops represent.

Product Analytics & MetricsPricing & Monetization
Author's notes

The deduplication warning in the problem statement is doing a lot of work here.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the definitions of 'pirating shops' and 'potential theme revenue lost' to ensure alignment with the interviewer. Then, outline the necessary tables and joins, and build the query incrementally, using CTEs for clarity. Finally, compute the required metrics and present the results in a monthly aggregated format.

Pro tip: Mention that you would validate the definition of 'pirating shops' with stakeholders and consider edge cases like refunds or chargebacks that might affect revenue calculations.

1. Clarify Definitions and Assumptions

Ask clarifying questions to define 'pirating shops', 'potential theme revenue lost', and 'platform revenue'. Confirm the time period and whether revenue is based on gross or net amounts.

2. Identify Relevant Tables and Fields

Determine which tables contain shop information, theme purchases, and revenue data. Identify fields like shop_id, theme_id, revenue_amount, transaction_date, and a flag for pirating shops.

3. Design the Query Structure

Plan to use CTEs to calculate monthly aggregates: total platform revenue, revenue from pirating shops, and potential theme revenue lost. Consider using LEFT JOINs to include all shops and filter appropriately.

4. Write and Optimize the SQL

Write the SQL query with proper grouping by month, calculating each metric. Use window functions or subqueries for percentages. Ensure performance by filtering early and using indexes.

5. Validate and Present Results

Check for data quality issues, such as missing months or null values. Present the final table with clear column names and explain how each metric was derived.

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of 'pirating shops' and how to identify them (e.g., via a flag or behavioral pattern).
  • Calculation of potential theme revenue lost: sum of theme prices for pirating shops that did not purchase.
  • Platform revenue from pirating shops: sum of all revenue generated by those shops.
  • Average platform revenue per pirating shop: total revenue from pirating shops divided by number of pirating shops.
  • Percentage of total platform revenue: (revenue from pirating shops / total platform revenue) * 100.
  • Use of CTEs for readability and maintainability, and consideration of time zones and date truncation.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

Write a SQL query to build a prioritization table showing the top 10 combinations of theme, subscription plan, and merchant vertical by potential revenue lost, including piracy counts and platform revenue from those shops.

Roadmap PrioritizationData ModelingProduct Analytics & Metrics
Author's notes

This one is where the deduplication problem gets gnarly.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the business context and defining the key metrics: potential revenue lost, piracy counts, and platform revenue. Then outline a SQL query that aggregates data at the theme, plan, and vertical level, calculates the metrics, and ranks combinations by potential revenue lost to return the top 10.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of data quality and business nuances: mention that piracy counts might be underreported and that potential revenue lost should be estimated using a defensible method, such as comparing actual revenue to expected revenue based on plan pricing and usage.

1. Clarify Requirements and Define Metrics

Ask clarifying questions to understand the data sources, definitions of 'piracy counts' and 'potential revenue lost', and the time frame. Define how each metric is calculated.

2. Identify Tables and Joins

Determine which tables contain theme, subscription plan, merchant vertical, piracy events, and revenue data. Plan necessary joins and filters.

3. Aggregate and Calculate Metrics

Write SQL to group by theme, plan, and vertical, then compute SUM of piracy counts, SUM of platform revenue, and an estimate of potential revenue lost (e.g., based on expected revenue minus actual).

4. Rank and Limit Results

Order the aggregated results by potential revenue lost descending and limit to the top 10 combinations.

5. Validate and Present

Sanity-check the results, consider edge cases (e.g., nulls, outliers), and explain how the query informs prioritization.

Key Points to Mention

  • Define 'potential revenue lost' clearly, e.g., as the difference between expected revenue (based on plan pricing and usage) and actual revenue.
  • Ensure piracy counts are aggregated correctly, possibly counting distinct piracy events or shops.
  • Consider using window functions or subqueries to rank combinations by potential revenue lost.
  • Mention the importance of filtering out test accounts or invalid data.
  • Discuss how the results can guide roadmap prioritization, such as focusing on high-revenue-loss themes or verticals.
  • Highlight any assumptions made and suggest ways to validate them.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.