← Google Interview Insights

Google·DevOps Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Google SRE round 1 coding interview, focused on string manipulation with evolving requirements rather than heavy algorithmic theory. Clean code and edge case handling seemed to matter more than anything clever.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a string substitution function that replaces placeholder tokens in a string using a key-value map, similar to how environment variables work in a shell.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offsAdaptability & Ambiguity
Author's notes

Seems straightforward until you start thinking about what happens with missing keys, nested placeholders, or malformed delimiters.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements: placeholder syntax, handling of missing keys, recursion, and escaping. Then propose a robust algorithm using regex or a parser, and discuss trade-offs like performance, security, and edge cases. Finally, outline a test plan and mention production considerations like logging and validation.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of security risks like injection attacks and infinite recursion, and suggest safeguards such as depth limits and input sanitization. Also, mention that in a DevOps context, this function might be used for config templating, so idempotency and error handling are critical.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about placeholder syntax (e.g., ${VAR}), whether substitution is recursive, how to handle missing keys (error, leave as-is, empty string), and if escaping is needed.

2. Design Algorithm

Choose an approach: simple string replacement, regex-based, or a parser for nested placeholders. Consider performance and complexity trade-offs.

3. Handle Edge Cases

Address missing keys, recursive substitution with cycle detection, special characters, and large inputs. Discuss error handling strategies.

4. Implement and Test

Write clean, modular code with clear separation of concerns. Outline unit tests covering normal, edge, and error cases.

5. Discuss Production Readiness

Mention logging, performance optimization (e.g., caching compiled regex), security (injection, DoS), and integration with DevOps tools like Kubernetes or Terraform.

Key Points to Mention

  • Placeholder syntax and parsing strategy (regex vs. manual parsing)
  • Handling missing keys: fail-fast vs. lenient substitution
  • Recursive substitution and cycle detection to prevent infinite loops
  • Performance considerations: time/space complexity, caching, and large inputs
  • Security implications: injection attacks, resource exhaustion, and input validation
  • Testing strategy: unit tests, edge cases, and property-based testing

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.