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I knew this was Eulerian path territory but my first instinct was plain DFS and I didn't think carefully about the lexical ordering constraint until I was mid-implementation.
Model the tickets as a directed graph and find an Eulerian path starting from JFK. Use Hierholzer's algorithm with a min-heap (or sorted adjacency list) to ensure the lexicographically smallest itinerary. Build the itinerary in reverse order and then reverse it to get the final result.
Pro tip: Emphasize that the problem guarantees a valid itinerary, so you can focus on the algorithm without edge-case handling for invalid inputs. Also, mention that using a min-heap ensures lexical order at each step, which is crucial for the lexicographically smallest result.
Clarify that we need to use all tickets exactly once, starting from JFK, and return the lexicographically smallest itinerary among all valid ones.
Recognize this as finding an Eulerian path in a directed graph. Use Hierholzer's algorithm to efficiently construct the path.
Use a min-heap or sort the adjacency list for each airport to always pick the smallest next destination, ensuring the lexicographically smallest itinerary.
Perform a DFS, removing edges as you traverse, and add airports to the itinerary in post-order. Finally, reverse the itinerary to get the correct order.
Discuss time and space complexity (O(E log E) due to sorting/heap operations) and walk through a small example to verify correctness.
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