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eBay·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Apr 2026

Summary

eBay system design round for a software engineer role. One question, focused on building a data query system with scalability and consistency in mind. Pretty open-ended, which I wasn't totally prepared for.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a data query system that can handle peak traffic, scale effectively, and maintain data consistency.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsData Modeling
Author's notes

I started with caching and indexing and felt okay for the first few minutes, but then they pushed on consistency guarantees during high load and I fumbled a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints (e.g., read/write ratio, consistency level, latency SLA) to frame the design. Then propose a high-level architecture that separates reads and writes, uses caching and sharding for scalability, and employs replication and consensus for consistency. Finally, discuss trade-offs and how you would validate the design under peak load.

Pro tip: Emphasize that consistency is not binary; propose a tunable consistency model (e.g., quorum reads/writes) and explain how it aligns with eBay's business needs (e.g., inventory accuracy vs. search freshness).

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about data volume, read/write patterns, latency SLAs, consistency requirements, and peak traffic characteristics (e.g., flash sales).

2. High-Level Architecture

Sketch a layered design: API gateway, query service, caching layer, distributed database (e.g., sharded SQL or NoSQL), and message queue for async updates.

3. Scalability & Performance

Explain how to scale reads (replicas, caching) and writes (sharding, partitioning), and how to handle peak traffic (auto-scaling, rate limiting, backpressure).

4. Consistency & Reliability

Discuss replication strategies (sync vs. async), consensus protocols (Raft/Paxos), and how to achieve tunable consistency (e.g., quorum).

5. Trade-offs & Validation

Summarize trade-offs (e.g., latency vs. consistency, cost vs. performance) and propose monitoring, load testing, and failure injection to validate the design.

Key Points to Mention

  • Read/write separation with CQRS and materialized views for query efficiency
  • Sharding strategies (range, hash, consistent hashing) and rebalancing
  • Caching layers (CDN, Redis) with invalidation strategies (TTL, write-through)
  • Replication and consensus for consistency (e.g., quorum, Raft)
  • Peak traffic handling: auto-scaling, rate limiting, circuit breakers, queueing
  • Trade-offs: CAP theorem, latency vs. consistency, cost vs. performance

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.