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Amazon·Data Analyst·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SQL/analytics question, pretty much just one problem about finding top customers per year. Short and uneventful.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a table of customer orders, write a query to find the top customer (by total order value or count) for each year.

Algorithms & Data StructuresProduct Analytics & MetricsData Modeling
Author's notes

Pretty standard window function problem.

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Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the metric (total order value or count) and the table schema, then outline a SQL solution using aggregation and window functions. Use a subquery to compute per-customer totals per year, then rank customers within each year and filter for the top rank. Mention handling ties and edge cases.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of ties by using RANK() or DENSE_RANK() instead of ROW_NUMBER(), and discuss how to handle multiple top customers if needed. Also, mention that in a real interview, you'd validate assumptions about the data (e.g., date formats, nulls) before writing the query.

1. Clarify requirements and schema

Ask whether 'top' means by total order value or count, and confirm the table structure (e.g., columns like customer_id, order_date, order_amount).

2. Aggregate per customer per year

Write a subquery to sum order amounts or count orders for each customer, grouped by customer and year (extracted from order_date).

3. Rank customers within each year

Use a window function like RANK() or DENSE_RANK() over (partition by year order by total desc) to assign ranks.

4. Filter for top rank and handle ties

Select rows where rank = 1, and decide whether to return all tied top customers or just one (e.g., using ROW_NUMBER() if a single customer is required).

5. Validate and discuss edge cases

Mention potential issues like nulls, date formats, or years with no orders, and how the query would handle them.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of GROUP BY for aggregation and window functions for ranking.
  • Difference between ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), and DENSE_RANK() for tie handling.
  • Extracting year from date using EXTRACT(YEAR FROM order_date) or DATE_TRUNC.
  • Performance considerations: indexing on date and customer_id, and avoiding unnecessary subqueries.
  • Clarifying whether 'top' is by total value or count, and if multiple customers can tie.
  • Handling edge cases like null values, missing years, or customers with no orders.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.