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NVIDIA·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

SQL-heavy technical screen for a software engineering role at NVIDIA. Just one question but they really dug into it, including a follow-up about ambiguous data that I wasn't fully prepared for.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have four relational tables: country, state, city, and zip (which stores population per ZIP code). Given a city name as input, write a SQL query that returns the total population for that city. Then explain how you'd handle the case where multiple cities share the same name across different states or countries.

Data ModelingTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The join chain itself wasn't bad.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by writing a SQL query that joins the city table to the zip table on city_id (or equivalent foreign key) and sums the population, filtering by the given city name. Then discuss the ambiguity when multiple cities share the same name, and propose solutions such as requiring additional parameters (state/country) or returning a list of matches with their locations.

Pro tip: Mention that you would clarify the input requirements with the interviewer before writing the query, and consider adding a unique identifier (like city_id) to the output to disambiguate results.

1. Clarify the schema and input

Ask about the table structures, especially foreign keys linking city to zip, and whether the input is just a city name or includes state/country. Confirm if population is stored per ZIP and if a city can have multiple ZIPs.

2. Write the basic SQL query

Construct a query that joins city to zip on city_id, filters by city name, and sums the population. Use GROUP BY if needed, and ensure proper aggregation.

3. Address name ambiguity

Explain that multiple cities can share the same name across states/countries, so the query might return an aggregate for all matching cities. Discuss options: return separate rows per city with location details, or require additional input to disambiguate.

4. Propose a robust solution

Suggest modifying the query to group by city_id and include state/country names, or changing the API to accept city_id or a combination of city, state, and country. Mention handling NULLs or missing data.

5. Discuss trade-offs and edge cases

Talk about performance implications of joins and aggregations, and edge cases like cities with no ZIP codes or duplicate ZIP entries. Highlight the importance of data integrity and indexing.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of JOIN between city and zip tables on city_id (or equivalent foreign key).
  • Aggregation with SUM(population) and filtering with WHERE city.name = ?.
  • Ambiguity when multiple cities share the same name; need for additional context (state/country) or returning multiple results.
  • Grouping by city_id to differentiate cities with the same name.
  • Consideration of database normalization and indexing for performance.
  • Edge cases: cities without ZIP codes, ZIP codes spanning multiple cities, and NULL values.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.