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Citadel·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Citadel SWE interview with three medium-level coding problems. The twist on the first one tripped me up a bit since it looked familiar but had a uniqueness constraint I almost missed.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a string or collection, find all substrings matching some condition, but the final result must contain only unique substrings (no duplicates).

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Looked like a problem I'd seen before and almost just coded the standard approach without thinking about uniqueness.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints (string vs. collection, condition type, expected output format) and discuss trade-offs between brute-force and optimized approaches. Use a hash set to deduplicate substrings while generating them, and consider algorithmic optimizations like sliding window or suffix automaton based on the condition. Analyze time and space complexity, and handle edge cases such as empty input or no matches.

Pro tip: At Citadel, interviewers value rigorous complexity analysis and awareness of performance bottlenecks. Explicitly compare the naive O(n^3) approach with optimized methods, and mention how deduplication with a hash set affects memory usage.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask questions to confirm the input type (string or collection), the exact matching condition, and the expected output format (e.g., list of unique substrings).

2. Discuss Brute-Force

Outline a straightforward solution: generate all substrings, check the condition, and use a hash set to collect unique matches. Analyze its time and space complexity.

3. Optimize Generation

Propose an optimized approach based on the condition, such as sliding window for contiguous substrings or a trie/suffix automaton for pattern matching, while still deduplicating with a set.

4. Analyze Complexity

Compare the time and space complexity of the brute-force and optimized solutions, and discuss trade-offs (e.g., memory vs. speed).

5. Handle Edge Cases

Mention edge cases like empty input, no matches, duplicate substrings, and large inputs, and explain how your solution handles them.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash set to ensure uniqueness of substrings.
  • Time complexity of brute-force generation (O(n^3) for strings) and how to improve it.
  • Space complexity implications of storing all unique substrings.
  • Sliding window technique for contiguous substrings with a condition.
  • Suffix automaton or trie for efficient substring matching and deduplication.
  • Edge cases: empty input, no matches, and very large inputs.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.