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Meta·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Short Meta SWE coding round, just one tree problem. Nothing crazy but it's the kind of question that feels easy until you're actually writing it out.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a binary tree, print its left view (the first node visible at each level when viewed from the left side).

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was DFS and just tracking the first node at each depth, which works fine.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use a level-order traversal (BFS) with a queue, and for each level, record the first node encountered. Alternatively, use DFS with a depth parameter, recording the first node seen at each depth. Clearly explain the chosen approach, its time and space complexity, and handle edge cases like an empty tree.

Pro tip: Mention that the left view can be obtained by modifying a standard BFS to only capture the first node of each level, and note that DFS with a depth check is more space-efficient for skewed trees. This shows you understand trade-offs and can adapt to constraints.

1. Clarify the problem and edge cases

Confirm that the left view includes the leftmost node at each level, and discuss handling of an empty tree or single-node tree.

2. Choose an approach

Decide between BFS (level-order traversal) and DFS (pre-order with depth tracking), and justify your choice based on time/space complexity or tree shape.

3. Outline the algorithm

Describe step-by-step how to implement the chosen approach, including data structures (queue or recursion stack) and how to identify the first node at each level.

4. Analyze complexity

State the time complexity (O(n) for both) and space complexity (O(w) for BFS where w is max width, O(h) for DFS where h is height).

5. Test with examples

Walk through a small example tree to verify the algorithm produces the correct left view, and mention potential pitfalls like null children.

Key Points to Mention

  • Level-order traversal (BFS) using a queue to process nodes level by level.
  • DFS with pre-order traversal and tracking the maximum depth seen so far.
  • Time complexity O(n) and space complexity O(w) for BFS, O(h) for DFS.
  • Handling edge cases: empty tree, single node, skewed tree.
  • The left view is the set of first nodes at each depth when traversing from left to right.
  • Potential optimization: early termination if tree is complete, but not necessary.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.