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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jul 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE interview with a circular route shortest path problem. Pretty standard algorithmic stuff but the prefix sum optimization is what they're really looking for, not just the brute force.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have a circular route with n stops and an array of clockwise distances between consecutive stops. Given a list of queries each asking for the shortest distance between two stops (you can go either direction), return the sum of shortest distances across all queries. Design an efficient solution for large inputs.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just compute the clockwise sum for each query by looping through the relevant segment, then subtract from total to get the counterclockwise distance.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Precompute prefix sums of the clockwise distances to enable O(1) distance calculations between any two stops. For each query, compute the clockwise distance and subtract from total to get the counterclockwise distance, then take the minimum. Sum these minimums across all queries.

Pro tip: Mention that you can handle large inputs by using 64-bit integers to avoid overflow and by processing queries in O(1) time after O(n) preprocessing. Also, clarify edge cases like when stops are the same or when the route has only one stop.

1. Understand the problem and define terms

Clarify that the circular route has n stops, distances are given clockwise, and queries ask for shortest distance between two stops. Note that you can travel either clockwise or counterclockwise.

2. Preprocess distances with prefix sums

Compute an array where prefix[i] is the sum of distances from stop 0 to stop i clockwise. Also compute total circumference. This allows O(1) clockwise distance between any two stops.

3. Answer each query in O(1)

For a query (u, v), compute clockwise distance as (prefix[v] - prefix[u] + total) % total. The shortest distance is min(clockwise, total - clockwise).

4. Sum results and handle edge cases

Accumulate the minimum distances for all queries. Ensure to handle cases where u == v (distance 0) and use 64-bit integers for sums to prevent overflow.

5. Analyze complexity and discuss optimizations

State that preprocessing is O(n) and each query is O(1), so total time is O(n + q). Mention that this is optimal for large inputs.

Key Points to Mention

  • Prefix sums for O(1) distance queries
  • Total circumference and modular arithmetic
  • Minimum of clockwise and counterclockwise distances
  • Handling large inputs with 64-bit integers
  • Edge cases: same stop, n=1, large number of queries
  • Time complexity: O(n + q) preprocessing and query time

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.