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Amazon·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jul 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round with a log parsing problem. Pretty standard algorithmic stuff but the sliding window over per-user event streams tripped me up more than I expected.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a time-ordered log of user events, find the most frequent length-3 consecutive event sequence across all users. Break ties by lexicographic order and return the sequence with its count.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just flatten everything into one big list and slide a window of 3, which is obviously wrong since sequences shouldn't cross user boundaries.

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Suggested Approach

Clarify the input format and constraints, then design an algorithm that groups events by user, extracts all consecutive length-3 sequences, counts their frequencies across users, and finally selects the most frequent sequence with lexicographic tie-breaking. Discuss time and space complexity, and consider edge cases such as fewer than three events per user or multiple users with identical sequences.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of data scale: if the log is huge, propose a streaming approach with a hash map to avoid loading everything into memory, and mention that lexicographic tie-breaking can be handled by sorting the keys or using a custom comparator.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input format (e.g., list of events with user ID and timestamp), size of data, and whether sequences must be strictly consecutive in time per user. Confirm tie-breaking rules and output format.

2. Design the algorithm

Propose grouping events by user, then for each user, iterate through their sorted events to extract all length-3 consecutive sequences. Use a hash map to count frequencies of each sequence across all users.

3. Handle tie-breaking and selection

After counting, find the maximum frequency. Collect all sequences with that frequency, then select the lexicographically smallest one. Return the sequence and its count.

4. Analyze complexity and edge cases

Discuss time complexity O(N) where N is total events, and space O(U * L) for sequences. Mention edge cases: users with <3 events, empty log, all sequences unique, etc.

5. Test and validate

Walk through a small example to verify correctness, including tie-breaking. Consider writing unit tests for edge cases.

Key Points to Mention

  • Grouping events by user and sorting by timestamp to ensure consecutive sequences are correctly identified.
  • Using a hash map (dictionary) to count frequencies of each length-3 sequence efficiently.
  • Lexicographic tie-breaking: compare sequences element-wise or use string representation if events are strings.
  • Time complexity: O(N) where N is total number of events, assuming hash map operations are O(1).
  • Space complexity: O(K) where K is number of unique sequences, which could be up to O(N).
  • Edge cases: users with fewer than 3 events, empty input, and sequences that appear only once.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.