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Microsoft·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Apr 2026

Summary

Microsoft data engineer interview, system design round focused on warehouse schema. Just one question but it had a lot of surface area and I probably underestimated how much Airbnb-specific domain knowledge would matter.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a data warehouse schema for a platform like Airbnb.

Data ModelingSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

I went straight to a star schema with a bookings fact table and dimensions for hosts, guests, listings, dates, and locations.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the business goals and key analytical questions the warehouse must support, then propose a dimensional model with fact and dimension tables. Discuss trade-offs between star and snowflake schemas, and how to handle slowly changing dimensions and scalability.

Pro tip: Demonstrate maturity by acknowledging that the schema will evolve; propose a layered architecture (staging, integration, presentation) and mention how you would handle schema changes without disrupting downstream consumers.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about the primary use cases (e.g., booking trends, host performance, pricing analysis) and the expected query patterns to determine granularity and dimensions.

2. Identify Facts and Dimensions

List core business events (e.g., bookings, payments, reviews) as fact tables and their associated descriptive attributes (e.g., user, listing, date, location) as dimension tables.

3. Choose Schema Design

Decide between star and snowflake schema based on query performance and storage; justify your choice with trade-offs like simplicity vs. normalization.

4. Handle Slowly Changing Dimensions

Explain how to track historical changes in dimensions (e.g., Type 2 SCD for host attributes) and the impact on fact tables.

5. Address Scalability and Performance

Discuss partitioning, indexing, and aggregation strategies to handle large data volumes and ensure fast query performance.

Key Points to Mention

  • Grain of fact tables (e.g., one row per booking)
  • Conformed dimensions for cross-process analysis
  • Star schema vs. snowflake schema trade-offs
  • Slowly changing dimension types (Type 1, 2, 3)
  • Partitioning and indexing for performance
  • ETL/ELT processes and data quality checks

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.