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Instacart·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a software engineer role at Instacart and got a string expression evaluator problem. Pretty classic but the operator precedence piece tripped me up more than I expected.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Write a function that parses and evaluates a mathematical expression given as a string, supporting +, -, *, / with correct operator precedence and integer division truncating toward zero. Parentheses support is optional.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The basic case felt fine until I realized I needed to actually handle precedence correctly, not just left-to-right.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the requirements and edge cases first, then implement a two-stack (operands and operators) algorithm that respects precedence and parentheses. Walk through the code with a sample expression, and discuss trade-offs like time/space complexity and potential extensions.

Pro tip: Explicitly handle integer division truncating toward zero, especially for negative numbers, as many languages' default division rounds toward negative infinity. Mention that you can use a helper function like truncate(a / b) to ensure correctness.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask about input format (spaces, unary operators, parentheses), integer division behavior for negatives, and error handling. Confirm expected output type and constraints.

2. Choose algorithm and data structures

Decide between two-stack (operators and operands) or recursive descent parsing. Explain why two-stack is simpler for precedence and parentheses.

3. Implement the evaluation logic

Iterate through tokens, push numbers to operand stack, and for operators, pop and apply while precedence allows. Handle parentheses by evaluating sub-expressions.

4. Test with examples and edge cases

Walk through expressions like '3+2*2', '10/3', '-7/2', and '(1+2)*3' to verify correctness, especially integer division truncation.

5. Analyze complexity and discuss trade-offs

State O(n) time and O(n) space. Mention alternative approaches (e.g., shunting-yard, recursive descent) and their pros/cons.

Key Points to Mention

  • Operator precedence and associativity rules
  • Two-stack algorithm for infix expression evaluation
  • Integer division truncating toward zero (e.g., -7/2 = -3, not -4)
  • Handling parentheses (if supported) via recursion or stack
  • Time and space complexity: O(n) time, O(n) space
  • Edge cases: division by zero, unary minus, multi-digit numbers, whitespace

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.