← Molocoads Interview Insights
I knew this was a stack problem pretty quickly but fumbled the doubling logic for nested cases.
Start by clarifying the problem and walking through a simple example to confirm understanding. Then present a stack-based solution that processes the string character by character, maintaining a stack of scores for each nesting level. Finally, discuss time and space complexity and consider edge cases.
Pro tip: Mention that the score can also be computed by tracking depth: each '()' contributes 2^depth to the total score, which is a simpler O(1) space solution. This shows you can think beyond the obvious stack approach.
Restate the problem in your own words and ask clarifying questions about input constraints, expected output, and edge cases. Confirm the scoring rules with a simple example like '()()' = 2 and '(())' = 2.
Decide between a stack-based simulation and a depth-based mathematical approach. Explain the trade-offs: stack is intuitive and directly follows the rules, while depth-based is more space-efficient.
For the stack approach: initialize a stack with [0], iterate through the string; on '(' push 0, on ')' pop the top, double it (or set to 1 if it was 0), and add to the new top. For the depth approach: maintain depth, increment on '(', decrement on ')', and when encountering '()', add 2^depth to the total.
State that both approaches run in O(n) time. The stack approach uses O(n) space in the worst case (e.g., deeply nested), while the depth approach uses O(1) extra space.
Run through provided examples and edge cases like empty string, '()', '(())', '()()', and '(()(()))' to verify correctness. Discuss potential pitfalls such as integer overflow if scores can be large.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.