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DoorDash·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

DoorDash system design round for a software engineer role. Two questions back to back: one about my own project, then a full Instagram design. Pretty standard format but the pivot to Instagram felt abrupt.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Walk me through the system design of a project you've worked on personally.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

Starting with your own project sounds easy but it's actually a trap for overthinking.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Choose a project you know deeply and structure your answer around requirements, high-level design, deep dives, and trade-offs. Tailor the explanation to DoorDash's domain by emphasizing scalability, reliability, and real-time data handling, and quantify impact where possible.

Pro tip: Show maturity by proactively discussing what you would change or improve in hindsight, and tie your technical decisions to business outcomes like delivery time or cost savings.

1. Clarify Requirements and Scope

Start by stating the project's goal, key functional and non-functional requirements (e.g., scale, latency, consistency), and any constraints. This sets context and shows you think before designing.

2. High-Level Architecture

Sketch the main components (e.g., clients, services, databases, queues) and how they interact. Keep it simple and focus on the core flow.

3. Deep Dive into Critical Components

Pick 1-2 areas where you made significant technical decisions (e.g., data model, sharding, caching, real-time updates) and explain your reasoning and alternatives considered.

4. Discuss Trade-offs and Challenges

Highlight key trade-offs (e.g., consistency vs. availability, latency vs. cost) and how you resolved them. Mention any bottlenecks or failures and how you addressed them.

5. Results and Learnings

Summarize the impact (e.g., performance improvements, user growth) and what you learned or would do differently. This shows reflection and growth.

Key Points to Mention

  • Scalability strategies (e.g., horizontal scaling, sharding, load balancing)
  • Data storage choices (SQL vs. NoSQL, indexing, replication)
  • Caching and performance optimization (CDN, Redis, memoization)
  • Reliability and fault tolerance (redundancy, retries, circuit breakers)
  • Real-time data processing (WebSockets, Kafka, stream processing)
  • Trade-offs between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance (CAP theorem)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Design Instagram from scratch.

System DesignData Modeling
Author's notes

Classic question but there's a lot of surface area.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements, then estimate scale (users, photos, QPS) to drive design decisions. Focus on the core feed generation and media storage pipeline, and discuss trade-offs between different architectural choices.

Pro tip: At DoorDash, scale and reliability are critical. Emphasize how your design handles high write throughput (photo uploads) and low-latency reads (feed), and discuss how you would monitor and mitigate hotspots.

1. Clarify Requirements and Scale

Ask clarifying questions to define core features (posting, feed, following, likes/comments) and non-functional needs (latency, availability, consistency). Estimate scale: daily active users, photos per user, read/write ratio, and storage needs.

2. High-Level Architecture

Sketch the main components: mobile clients, API gateway, services for user, media, feed, and interactions. Choose a data store for metadata (e.g., PostgreSQL) and object storage for media (e.g., S3), and a CDN for delivery.

3. Data Model and Storage

Design schemas for users, follows, posts, and media. Discuss sharding strategies (e.g., by user ID) and indexing for efficient feed queries. Explain how to store media with unique IDs and serve via CDN.

4. Feed Generation and Delivery

Compare fan-out on write vs. read, and propose a hybrid approach. Detail how to use a message queue (e.g., Kafka) for asynchronous feed updates, and caching (e.g., Redis) for fast feed retrieval.

5. Bottlenecks and Trade-offs

Identify potential bottlenecks (e.g., celebrity problem, hot partitions) and propose solutions (e.g., sharding, caching, rate limiting). Discuss trade-offs between consistency, latency, and cost.

Key Points to Mention

  • Sharding and replication strategies for the metadata database to handle scale.
  • Use of object storage (e.g., S3) and CDN for efficient media storage and delivery.
  • Feed generation approach: fan-out on write vs. read, and hybrid for celebrities.
  • Caching layers (e.g., Redis) for hot data like feeds and user profiles.
  • Asynchronous processing with message queues (e.g., Kafka) for feed updates and notifications.
  • Monitoring, alerting, and handling failures (e.g., retries, dead-letter queues).

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.