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Amazon·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE interview with two coding problems, one algorithmic and one more design-adjacent. Nothing too outrageous but the second question had some annoying edge cases around graph traversal that I didn't fully think through in time.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

You're given two arrays, one representing product sizes and one representing the cost to increment each product's size by one unit. Find the minimum total cost to make all sizes distinct.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I knew this was a greedy or sorting problem pretty quickly but fumbled the tie-breaking logic.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the problem constraints and edge cases. Then, propose an efficient algorithm: sort sizes, use a min-heap to track available increments, and greedily assign the smallest possible distinct size to each product. Finally, analyze time and space complexity and discuss potential optimizations.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of trade-offs: mention that while a greedy approach with a heap works, a union-find or sorting-based approach might be simpler in some cases. Also, proactively discuss how to handle large inputs and memory constraints.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask clarifying questions: Are sizes integers? Can sizes be negative? What are the constraints on array lengths and size ranges? Is the cost array aligned with the sizes array?

2. Identify the core challenge

Recognize that we need to assign distinct sizes to each product, minimizing total increment cost. This is a variant of the 'minimum increment to make array unique' problem with weighted costs.

3. Propose an algorithm

Sort products by size. Use a min-heap to track the next available size for each product. For each product in sorted order, if its size is less than the next available, increment it to the next available and add cost; otherwise, set next available to size+1. Update the heap with the new next available.

4. Analyze complexity

Time complexity: O(n log n) due to sorting and heap operations. Space complexity: O(n) for the heap. Discuss if we can optimize further.

5. Test with examples

Walk through a small example to verify correctness, such as sizes=[1,1,2] and costs=[10,20,30]. Show how the algorithm computes the minimum cost.

Key Points to Mention

  • Greedy strategy: always assign the smallest possible distinct size to minimize cost.
  • Use of a min-heap to efficiently find the next available size.
  • Sorting the products by size to process in order.
  • Handling duplicates and ensuring distinctness.
  • Time and space complexity analysis.
  • Edge cases: all sizes already distinct, all sizes the same, large input sizes.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Implement a movie recommendation function that takes a username and returns movie titles ranked by how often they were watched by that user's friends and friends-of-friends, using provided helper methods for fetching friends and watched movies.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

BFS to expand the social graph, then aggregate watch counts.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints and helper method signatures, then design a BFS traversal up to depth 2 to collect friends and friends-of-friends. Aggregate movie watch counts using a hash map, sort by frequency, and handle edge cases like cycles and missing data.

Pro tip: Discuss trade-offs between BFS and DFS, and mention how to scale the solution for large social graphs using distributed processing or approximate algorithms.

1. Clarify Requirements and Assumptions

Ask about the helper methods' behavior, data types, and whether the graph is directed or undirected. Confirm the depth (friends and friends-of-friends) and how to handle cycles or duplicate friends.

2. Design the Traversal Strategy

Use BFS to explore the social graph up to depth 2, starting from the given user. Keep a visited set to avoid cycles and ensure each friend is processed once.

3. Aggregate Movie Counts

For each friend and friend-of-friend, fetch their watched movies and increment a count in a hash map keyed by movie title. Exclude the user's own watched movies if required.

4. Rank and Return Results

Sort the movies by count in descending order, breaking ties alphabetically or by another criterion. Return the sorted list of movie titles.

5. Analyze Complexity and Optimize

Discuss time and space complexity (O(F * M) where F is number of friends and M is average movies per friend). Suggest optimizations like early termination or caching for repeated queries.

Key Points to Mention

  • BFS traversal with depth limit and visited set to handle cycles
  • Hash map for counting movie frequencies
  • Sorting with custom comparator for tie-breaking
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Edge cases: user with no friends, friends with no movies, duplicate movies
  • Scalability considerations for large graphs (e.g., distributed BFS, sampling)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.