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Apple·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Apple SWE interview with a classic simulation problem. Nothing flashy about the setup but the question itself has enough edge cases to trip you up if you're not careful.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement Conway's Game of Life.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offsSystem Design
Author's notes

I knew the rules going in but the implementation details are where it gets messy.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem scope (e.g., infinite grid, performance constraints) and then present a clean, modular solution that separates the simulation logic from the grid representation. Implement the core algorithm using an in-place update with boundary checks, and discuss trade-offs between time/space complexity and readability.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of edge cases like infinite grids or large-scale simulations by mentioning optimizations such as using a hash set for live cells or parallelizing updates, which shows you think beyond the basic implementation.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about grid size, boundary conditions, performance expectations, and whether the grid is finite or infinite. This ensures you address the actual problem and avoid assumptions.

2. Choose Data Structures

Decide on a representation for the grid (e.g., 2D array, set of live cells) and explain your choice based on trade-offs like memory usage and access speed.

3. Implement Core Logic

Write a function to compute the next state by counting live neighbors for each cell and applying the Game of Life rules. Use in-place updates with a copy or a separate buffer to avoid overwriting.

4. Optimize and Discuss Trade-offs

Mention potential optimizations (e.g., only iterating over live cells and their neighbors) and discuss time/space complexity, scalability, and readability trade-offs.

5. Test and Validate

Walk through a small example (e.g., blinker) to verify correctness, and consider edge cases like empty grid or all dead cells.

Key Points to Mention

  • Rules of Conway's Game of Life (birth, death, survival)
  • Handling boundaries (finite vs. infinite grid)
  • Time and space complexity (O(n) per generation for n cells)
  • In-place update vs. double buffering
  • Optimizations for sparse grids (e.g., using a set of live cells)
  • Parallelization or vectorization for large-scale simulations

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.