Start by clarifying requirements and assumptions, then walk through the parser design covering timestamp parsing, timezone normalization, and malformed line handling. Next, design the API with insert and query methods, discussing data structures and indexing for efficient time-range and level filtering. Finally, address large-scale strategies, complexity analysis, and outline basic tests.
Pro tip: Demonstrate production awareness by discussing how to handle timezone ambiguities (e.g., DST transitions) and proposing a dead-letter queue for malformed lines to avoid data loss. Also, mention that you would validate assumptions with the interviewer before diving deep.
Ask about log format, expected volume, query patterns, and whether timestamps include timezone info. Confirm assumptions about malformed lines and performance goals.
Outline parsing logic: extract timestamp, level, and message. Discuss timestamp parsing (e.g., ISO 8601, custom formats), timezone handling (normalize to UTC), and malformed line handling (skip, log error, or dead-letter queue).
Define insert(record) and query(startTime, endTime, level?). Choose data structures (e.g., sorted list, balanced BST, or time-partitioned storage) and indexing (e.g., composite index on time and level) to support efficient queries.
Discuss strategies for large-scale data: partitioning by time, using distributed storage (e.g., Cassandra, Elasticsearch), and trade-offs. Analyze time/space complexity of insert and query operations.
Propose unit tests for parsing valid/invalid lines, timezone conversions, and API methods. Include edge cases like empty logs, boundary times, and level filtering.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.