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Google·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Google SWE coding round, one algorithmic problem about merging intervals. Pretty standard stuff on the surface but the problem statement was dressed up in a space theme which threw me off a bit at first.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a list of pairs where each pair defines the center and radius of a planet's gravitational zone, return the ranges of positions that are safe to travel through (i.e., outside all gravitational zones).

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Took me a minute to strip away the space theming and realize this was just a merge intervals problem.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model each gravitational zone as an interval [center - radius, center + radius] on the position line. Merge all overlapping or adjacent intervals to form the union of unsafe regions, then compute the complement intervals as the safe ranges. Handle edge cases like empty input or zones covering the entire line.

Pro tip: Clarify whether the boundaries are inclusive or exclusive and whether positions are discrete or continuous; this affects whether touching intervals merge and how you output the safe ranges. Also, mention that sorting by start point enables an O(n log n) solution, which is optimal for large inputs.

1. Clarify assumptions and edge cases

Ask about input format, whether positions are integers or real numbers, boundary inclusivity, and what to return if no safe ranges exist. Confirm if the list can be empty or contain invalid pairs.

2. Convert zones to intervals

For each pair (center, radius), compute the unsafe interval [center - radius, center + radius]. Store these intervals in a list.

3. Sort and merge intervals

Sort intervals by start point. Iterate through them, merging overlapping or adjacent intervals into a list of disjoint unsafe intervals.

4. Compute safe ranges as complement

Given the merged unsafe intervals, derive the safe intervals by taking the gaps between them, including from -infinity to the first start and from the last end to +infinity if applicable.

5. Return and discuss complexity

Return the list of safe ranges. Analyze time complexity O(n log n) due to sorting and space complexity O(n) for storing intervals.

Key Points to Mention

  • Interval merging algorithm: sort by start, then merge overlapping/adjacent intervals.
  • Complement computation: safe ranges are the gaps between merged unsafe intervals.
  • Edge cases: empty input, single zone, zones covering all positions, infinite boundaries.
  • Time and space complexity: O(n log n) time, O(n) space.
  • Clarification of boundary conditions (inclusive/exclusive) and discrete vs continuous positions.
  • Handling of negative positions and unbounded safe ranges (e.g., -infinity to first start).

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.