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Anthropic·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Anthropic software engineer interview with a grid word search problem, the multi-word variant where you're expected to build a trie and prune during DFS rather than searching per word independently. Pretty classic hard-level coding question but the constraint details matter a lot here.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an m x n grid of letters and a list of words, find all words from the list that can be formed by tracing a path through adjacent cells (horizontal/vertical only) without reusing any cell in a single word. Return results sorted lexicographically with no duplicates.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

The naive approach of running a DFS per word is fine for small word lists but the problem explicitly says the list can be huge, up to 30k words.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use a Trie to store the word list for efficient prefix pruning, then perform DFS from each cell in the grid, marking cells as visited to avoid reuse. Collect found words in a set to eliminate duplicates, and finally sort the results lexicographically.

Pro tip: Mention that you can optimize by removing words from the Trie as they are found to avoid redundant searches, and discuss trade-offs between DFS and BFS or using a Trie vs. a hash set.

1. Clarify and Confirm

Restate the problem to ensure understanding: grid dimensions, adjacency rules, no cell reuse, and output requirements. Ask about edge cases like empty grid or empty word list.

2. Choose Data Structures

Decide on a Trie for the word list to enable prefix pruning, and a visited matrix or set to track cells in the current path. Consider using a set for results to handle duplicates.

3. Design the Algorithm

Outline a DFS approach: for each cell, if its character matches a child of the current Trie node, recurse to adjacent unvisited cells. If a word end is reached, add to results.

4. Analyze Complexity

Discuss time complexity: O(m*n*4^L) worst-case, where L is max word length, but Trie pruning reduces practical time. Space complexity: O(total characters in words) for Trie plus recursion stack.

5. Optimize and Handle Edge Cases

Mention optimizations like removing found words from Trie, early termination if no words remain, and handling duplicates by using a set. Also address sorting the final list.

Key Points to Mention

  • Trie data structure for efficient prefix matching and pruning
  • Depth-first search (DFS) with backtracking to explore all paths
  • Visited cell tracking to prevent reuse within a single word
  • Using a set to avoid duplicate words in results
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Edge cases: empty grid, no words, words longer than grid cells, single cell grid

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.