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Early-stage Startup·Software Engineer·Take-home Assignment·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Take-home assignment for a robotics engineer role, basically just one task: build a performance-optimized low-pass filter in whatever language you want. Simple enough on paper, but the open-ended constraint made it harder to gauge what they actually cared about.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a performance-optimized low-pass filter. Language of your choice.

Technical Trade-offsAlgorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

The 'any language' part sounds freeing until you realize it means you have to justify your choice too.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements such as signal characteristics, cutoff frequency, and performance constraints. Then choose an appropriate filter design (e.g., FIR or IIR) and implement it with optimizations like circular buffers, SIMD, or fixed-point arithmetic. Finally, discuss trade-offs between accuracy, latency, and computational cost.

Pro tip: In an early-stage startup, emphasize simplicity and maintainability: a well-optimized simple filter often beats a complex one that's hard to tune. Also, mention how you'd validate performance with real data and iterate.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about signal type, sampling rate, cutoff frequency, attenuation, phase linearity, and real-time constraints. This ensures you design the right filter for the context.

2. Choose Filter Design

Select between FIR (linear phase, stable) and IIR (computationally efficient, non-linear phase). Consider windowed-sinc, Butterworth, or Chebyshev based on trade-offs.

3. Implement with Optimizations

Use circular buffers for FIR, direct form II for IIR, and leverage SIMD, loop unrolling, or fixed-point arithmetic. Precompute coefficients and avoid dynamic memory allocation in the hot path.

4. Analyze Performance

Measure computational complexity (O(N) per sample), memory usage, and latency. Profile with realistic data and consider hardware acceleration if needed.

5. Discuss Trade-offs

Explain how choices affect accuracy, latency, and resource usage. For a startup, prioritize simplicity and adaptability over extreme optimization.

Key Points to Mention

  • Difference between FIR and IIR filters and when to use each
  • Computational complexity: O(N) per sample for FIR, O(1) for IIR (but with stability concerns)
  • Real-time implementation techniques: circular buffer, fixed-point arithmetic, SIMD
  • Filter design methods: windowed-sinc, bilinear transform, Parks-McClellan
  • Performance metrics: latency, throughput, memory footprint, numerical stability
  • Trade-offs in early-stage startups: simplicity, maintainability, and rapid iteration

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.