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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE interview with a pretty gnarly algorithmic problem involving game theory, dynamic programming, and resource constraints. Not your typical LeetCode grind, this one required actual thinking about state space design under pressure.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You and a coworker take turns unloading warehouses in sequence. On your turn you remove exactly m items from the current warehouse; on the coworker's turn they remove exactly n items. If your removal empties a warehouse you score a point. You have up to k skip tokens total, each of which forces the coworker to forfeit their next turn so you go again immediately. Skips can be concentrated on one warehouse or spread across all of them. Design an algorithm to maximize your total score, and analyze its time and space complexity.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This wrecked me a little.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the problem as a sequential decision process where each warehouse's state is the number of items remaining modulo (m+n), and skips allow you to take extra turns. Use dynamic programming to compute the maximum score for each warehouse given a certain number of skips, then combine results across warehouses with a knapsack-style DP. Analyze complexity in terms of number of warehouses, items, and skips.

Pro tip: Clarify with the interviewer whether skips can be used mid-warehouse or only between warehouses, as this affects the DP state. Also, consider if the optimal strategy might involve saving skips for later warehouses based on their sizes.

1. Understand the mechanics

Restate the problem: you and coworker alternate turns, you remove m, coworker removes n, you score when you empty a warehouse. Skips let you take an extra turn immediately. Determine if skips can be used at any time or only at warehouse boundaries.

2. Analyze single warehouse

For a warehouse with W items, compute the maximum score (0 or 1) achievable with s skips. Since you only score if you empty it, determine the minimum skips needed to make your removal exactly equal to the remaining items at some turn. This depends on W mod (m+n) and the sequence of removals.

3. Define DP state and transition

Let dp[i][j] be the max score using j skips on the first i warehouses. For each warehouse i, precompute cost[s] = max score (0 or 1) with s skips. Then dp[i][j] = max_{s=0..j} (dp[i-1][j-s] + cost_i[s]).

4. Compute cost_i[s] efficiently

For each warehouse, simulate the turn sequence with skips. Since skips only affect your turns, the number of your turns before emptying is determined by W and skips. Derive a formula: you need to remove m on your turn when remaining items ≡ 0 mod m? Actually, you score if you empty it, so you need to arrange that your removal exactly equals remaining. This happens if W ≡ m (mod m+n) after some number of full cycles, or with skips you can adjust. Precompute for each possible s up to k.

5. Analyze complexity and optimize

Time: O(N * k^2) if naive, but can be optimized to O(N * k) if cost_i[s] is monotonic or if we use prefix maxima. Space: O(N * k) for DP table, can be reduced to O(k) with rolling array. Discuss trade-offs.

Key Points to Mention

  • Dynamic programming with state (warehouse index, skips used)
  • Precomputing the minimum skips needed to score in a single warehouse
  • Knapsack-style combination of warehouses
  • Time complexity O(N * k^2) or O(N * k) with optimization
  • Space complexity O(N * k) or O(k) with rolling array
  • Edge cases: skips can be used mid-warehouse, multiple warehouses, large k

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.