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Apple·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Apple SWE system design round, one question about auth migration. Pretty open-ended, no hints on scope or constraints until I asked.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

How would you design a migration plan to move from an existing authentication system to a new one?

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAdaptability & Ambiguity
Author's notes

I jumped straight into token formats and OAuth flows before even asking what was wrong with the current system.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the current system's constraints, the new system's goals, and the migration's success criteria. Then outline a phased, risk-mitigated plan that prioritizes backward compatibility, incremental rollout, and rollback strategies. Emphasize security, user experience, and data integrity throughout.

Pro tip: Highlight the importance of a dual-write/dual-read period and feature flags to enable gradual migration and instant rollback. Also, discuss how you'd handle edge cases like password resets and token invalidation during the transition.

1. Assess and Define Requirements

Understand the current authentication system's architecture, user base, and dependencies. Define clear goals for the new system (e.g., improved security, scalability) and success metrics.

2. Design the Migration Strategy

Choose a migration pattern (e.g., big bang, phased, parallel run) based on risk tolerance. Plan for data migration, user credential transfer, and session management.

3. Implement Incrementally with Safeguards

Roll out the new system to a small subset of users first, using feature flags and canary releases. Ensure backward compatibility and provide fallback mechanisms.

4. Monitor, Validate, and Iterate

Continuously monitor authentication success rates, latency, and error logs. Validate that the new system meets requirements and iterate based on feedback.

5. Decommission the Old System

After full migration and a stability period, decommission the old system, ensuring all data is migrated and no dependencies remain.

Key Points to Mention

  • Backward compatibility and graceful degradation during transition
  • Security considerations: token invalidation, password hashing, and secure data transfer
  • User experience: minimizing disruption, clear communication, and support for password resets
  • Rollback plan and feature flags for risk mitigation
  • Data migration strategy: incremental sync, dual-write, and consistency checks
  • Testing: unit, integration, and load testing for the new system

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.