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Shopify·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Shopify software engineering interview with a multi-part coding problem. The Mars Rover thing starts simple and then keeps growing, which I think is the whole point.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

Build a command-line Mars Rover controller where a rover starts at (0,0) facing North and responds to L, R, and M commands, reporting its position and direction after each one.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The basic version is pretty mechanical.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and edge cases, then outline a clean object-oriented design with a Rover class and a command parser. Implement the core logic using a direction array and modular arithmetic, and finally discuss testing and potential extensions.

Pro tip: Demonstrate test-driven development by writing unit tests for each command and edge case before coding, and mention how you would handle invalid input gracefully.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about input format, expected output, handling of invalid commands, and whether the rover can move off the plateau (if any).

2. Design the Solution

Outline a Rover class with position (x, y) and direction, and a command processor that iterates over commands. Use an array of directions and modulo arithmetic for turns.

3. Implement Core Logic

Write methods for turning left/right and moving forward based on current direction. Ensure movement updates coordinates correctly.

4. Handle Edge Cases

Consider invalid commands, boundary conditions (if plateau defined), and ensure the rover reports after each command.

5. Test and Extend

Write unit tests for various command sequences. Discuss potential extensions like multiple rovers or obstacles.

Key Points to Mention

  • Object-oriented design with separation of concerns (Rover, CommandParser, etc.)
  • Use of modulo arithmetic for efficient direction changes
  • Input validation and error handling for robustness
  • Test-driven development and unit testing
  • Extensibility for future features (e.g., obstacles, multiple rovers)
  • Clear output formatting after each command

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Extend the rover controller to manage multiple rovers, with CREATE, DELETE, and SELECT commands, where movement commands apply only to the currently active rover. Define what happens for invalid operations like selecting a rover that doesn't exist.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offsAdaptability & Ambiguity
Author's notes

This is where I fumbled a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then propose a design that separates rover state management from command execution. Walk through the command flow, including validation and error handling for invalid operations, and discuss trade-offs between different approaches.

Pro tip: Demonstrate foresight by discussing how your design would scale to hundreds of rovers and how you would test edge cases like concurrent commands or invalid selections.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask questions to understand the expected scale, persistence needs, and whether commands are processed synchronously or asynchronously. Confirm the exact behavior for invalid operations.

2. Design Data Model

Define a Rover class/struct with position and orientation, and a RoverManager that maintains a collection of rovers and tracks the active rover ID. Consider using a map for efficient lookup.

3. Define Command Handling

Implement CREATE to add a new rover and optionally set it active, DELETE to remove a rover and handle active rover reassignment, SELECT to change active rover with validation, and movement commands that operate only on the active rover.

4. Handle Invalid Operations

Specify error responses for selecting a non-existent rover, deleting the active rover, or issuing movement commands when no rover is active. Decide whether to throw exceptions, return error codes, or log warnings.

5. Discuss Trade-offs and Extensions

Talk about trade-offs between simplicity and extensibility, such as using a simple map vs. a more complex state machine. Mention potential extensions like undo/redo, persistence, or multi-user support.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a unique identifier for each rover and maintain a mapping from ID to rover object.
  • Track the active rover ID separately and validate it on every operation that requires an active rover.
  • For DELETE, decide whether to automatically select another rover or leave no active rover; document the behavior.
  • For SELECT, return a clear error if the rover does not exist, and do not change the active rover.
  • For movement commands, check if an active rover exists; if not, return an error or ignore the command.
  • Consider thread safety if commands can be issued concurrently, and discuss locking or command queuing.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

Add collision avoidance so that a rover's move fails silently if the destination cell is already occupied by another rover, and still report state after the failed command.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The tricky part is that 'report state after each command' now has two flavors: success and failure.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the requirements: what 'fails silently' means (no exception, no error message), and that state is still reported after the failed command. Then propose a design where each move checks the destination cell for occupancy before committing, and if occupied, the move is skipped but the rover's state (position, direction) is returned. Discuss trade-offs such as atomicity, concurrency, and whether to log the failure.

Pro tip: Emphasize that 'fails silently' doesn't mean ignoring the failure—it means not disrupting the caller, but you should still consider logging or metrics for observability. Also, mention that collision avoidance should be centralized (e.g., in a grid manager) to avoid race conditions.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask questions to understand what 'fails silently' entails, whether multiple rovers can move concurrently, and what state needs to be reported. Confirm that the rover should not move and no error should be thrown.

2. Design the collision check

Propose a mechanism to check if the destination cell is occupied, such as a grid data structure that tracks rover positions. Ensure the check is atomic to avoid race conditions.

3. Handle the failed move

If the destination is occupied, skip the move and return the rover's current state (position and direction). Optionally, log the event for debugging or metrics.

4. Discuss trade-offs and edge cases

Address concurrency (e.g., two rovers moving to the same cell), performance impact of collision checks, and whether to allow chaining of commands. Consider if the rover should attempt alternative moves.

5. Summarize and test

Outline how you would test the behavior, including unit tests for collision scenarios and integration tests for concurrent moves. Summarize the solution's benefits and potential drawbacks.

Key Points to Mention

  • Atomicity of collision check and move to prevent race conditions
  • Centralized grid manager or occupancy map for tracking rover positions
  • Silent failure means no exception, but state is still returned
  • Observability: logging or metrics for failed moves
  • Trade-offs: performance vs. safety, complexity of concurrency handling
  • Edge cases: multiple rovers, boundary conditions, command sequences

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.