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Applovin·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

System design round at Applovin for a software engineer role, focused entirely on a ride-sharing matching and routing problem with a pretty specific constraint I hadn't seen before. The geometric angle made it more interesting than the usual 'design Uber' prompt.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design a ride-sharing system like UberPool, specifically focused on matching and routing. The constraint is that a driver traveling from point S to point T on a Manhattan distance grid can only pick up additional riders if doing so adds zero extra distance to their total trip.

System DesignAlgorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This one took me a minute to internalize.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem constraints and defining the zero-detour condition precisely, then propose a matching algorithm that leverages the geometry of the Manhattan grid. Discuss how to efficiently find compatible riders and integrate them into the driver's route without increasing total distance, and finally address scalability and trade-offs.

Pro tip: Emphasize that the zero-detour constraint is equivalent to requiring that the pickup and drop-off points lie on some shortest path from S to T, which can be checked in O(1) time. This insight simplifies the matching problem and demonstrates deep understanding of the geometry.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Restate the problem: a driver goes from S to T on a Manhattan grid, and can only add riders if the total trip distance remains unchanged. Define what 'zero extra distance' means and confirm assumptions about rider requests (e.g., each has pickup and drop-off points).

2. Model the Zero-Detour Condition

Explain that a rider can be inserted without extra distance if and only if their pickup and drop-off points lie on some shortest path from S to T. Derive the condition: the sum of Manhattan distances S->pickup + pickup->dropoff + dropoff->T equals the direct distance S->T.

3. Design Matching Algorithm

Propose an efficient way to find all compatible riders. For example, precompute all points on shortest paths from S to T (a rectangle in Manhattan grid) and check if both pickup and dropoff fall within it and are ordered correctly. Discuss data structures like interval trees or spatial indexing for fast lookup.

4. Handle Multiple Riders and Routing

Address how to insert multiple riders without increasing distance. Explain that the order of pickups and dropoffs must respect the partial order induced by the path. Discuss potential conflicts and how to resolve them (e.g., first-come-first-served, or optimization for maximum matches).

5. Discuss Scalability and Trade-offs

Talk about scaling to many drivers and riders: partitioning the grid, using geohashing, and handling dynamic updates. Mention trade-offs between match rate, computational complexity, and user experience (e.g., waiting time).

Key Points to Mention

  • Manhattan distance and shortest path properties: the set of all shortest paths from S to T forms a rectangle, and any point on a shortest path satisfies d(S, p) + d(p, T) = d(S, T).
  • Zero-detour condition: a rider with pickup P and dropoff Q can be added iff d(S, P) + d(P, Q) + d(Q, T) = d(S, T), which implies P and Q lie on some shortest path and P precedes Q.
  • Efficient matching: use spatial indexing (e.g., R-tree, grid-based) to quickly find riders whose pickup and dropoff are within the rectangle defined by S and T, and check ordering.
  • Routing with multiple riders: maintain a sequence of waypoints that respects the partial order; insertion of a new rider must not violate the zero-detour condition for existing riders.
  • Scalability considerations: partition the city into zones, use distributed systems for matching, and consider approximate matching to handle high load.
  • Trade-offs: strict zero-detour may yield low match rates; relaxing the constraint slightly could improve utilization but increase trip time. Discuss business implications.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.