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IMC·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Got a coding question at IMC for a Machine Learning Researcher role. Pretty algorithmic, not much ML flavor to it, which surprised me a little.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of distinct integers and a target value, return all unique combinations of numbers from the array that sum to the target. A number can be reused any number of times.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Classic backtracking problem.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use backtracking to explore all combinations, starting from the smallest candidate and allowing reuse of the same number. Sort the array first to handle duplicates and enable pruning when the current sum exceeds the target. At each step, choose a number, recurse with the same index (to allow reuse), and backtrack to explore other choices.

Pro tip: Emphasize the importance of sorting and pruning to avoid unnecessary recursive calls, and discuss how the solution can be adapted if the input contains duplicates. Also, mention that the time complexity is exponential in the worst case, but pruning significantly reduces the search space.

1. Clarify and Sort

Confirm that the array contains distinct integers and that numbers can be reused. Sort the array to enable efficient pruning and consistent order.

2. Define Backtracking Function

Create a recursive function that takes the current index, remaining target, and current combination. At each call, iterate from the current index to the end of the array.

3. Explore Choices with Reuse

For each candidate, if it is less than or equal to the remaining target, add it to the combination and recurse with the same index (to allow reuse) and updated remaining target.

4. Backtrack and Prune

After returning from recursion, remove the last added number to backtrack. If the candidate exceeds the remaining target, break out of the loop since the array is sorted.

5. Collect and Return Results

When the remaining target becomes zero, add a copy of the current combination to the result list. Return the result after exploring all possibilities.

Key Points to Mention

  • Backtracking algorithm with recursion
  • Sorting the array to enable pruning and handle duplicates
  • Allowing reuse by recursing with the same index
  • Pruning when the current number exceeds the remaining target
  • Time complexity: O(N^(T/M)) where T is target and M is minimal value, but pruning improves practical performance
  • Space complexity: O(T/M) for recursion depth

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.