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Discord·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Discord data engineering interview, one big open-ended question that covered data modeling and SQL analytics for video call data. The question had multiple parts and took up most of the session. Felt like a take-home problem compressed into a live setting.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

Design a data model for Discord video call analytics. You have both client-side and server-side event logs. The model needs to support a video/call ID, user ID, user country, call duration, join count, rejoin count, and event timestamp. Walk through how you'd structure raw events, cleaned fact tables, and dimension tables for users and countries.

Data ModelingSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This part felt manageable at first but the 'raw vs cleaned vs dimensions' framing tripped me up a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the requirements and data sources, then design a layered data model that separates raw events from cleaned facts and dimensions. Emphasize scalability, data quality, and how the model supports key analytics like call duration and user engagement.

Pro tip: Mention partitioning and clustering strategies for the fact table to handle Discord's scale, and discuss how to handle late-arriving or duplicate events from client-side logs.

1. Clarify Requirements and Data Sources

Ask about the volume, latency, and specific analytics goals. Identify that client-side events may be unreliable and server-side events are authoritative.

2. Design Raw Event Tables

Create separate raw tables for client and server events with minimal processing, including all relevant fields and ingestion metadata.

3. Design Cleaned Fact Tables

Build a fact table at the call-user granularity, aggregating metrics like duration, join count, and rejoin count, with deduplication and validation.

4. Design Dimension Tables

Create user and country dimension tables with surrogate keys and slowly changing dimension (SCD) handling for historical accuracy.

5. Address Trade-offs and Scalability

Discuss partitioning, indexing, and how to handle late data. Consider using a star schema for simplicity or snowflake for normalization.

Key Points to Mention

  • Difference between client-side and server-side events and how to reconcile them
  • Fact table grain: one row per user per call session or per call?
  • Handling duplicate events and late-arriving data
  • Using surrogate keys and SCD Type 2 for user and country dimensions
  • Partitioning by date and clustering by call_id or user_id for performance
  • How to compute metrics like call duration and rejoin count from raw events

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Write SQL to compute, for each country and calendar day, the total number of distinct video calls.

Product Analytics & MetricsData Modeling
Author's notes

Straightforward once the data model is settled.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the schema and definitions: what tables contain call data, how country is associated with a call, and what constitutes a distinct video call. Then write a SQL query that groups by country and date, counting distinct call identifiers, and consider edge cases like time zones and nulls.

Pro tip: Mention that you'd confirm whether 'distinct video calls' means unique call IDs or unique participants per call, and discuss how time zone handling can affect daily counts—showing you think about data semantics, not just syntax.

1. Clarify requirements and schema

Ask about the tables involved, how country is determined (e.g., user's country, call's country), and what defines a distinct video call (e.g., call_id). Confirm the date field and time zone.

2. Identify the base table and filters

Choose the table that logs video calls and filter for video call type if needed. Ensure you only include completed or valid calls as per business rules.

3. Group by country and day

Use DATE_TRUNC or equivalent to extract the calendar day from the timestamp, then GROUP BY country and day.

4. Count distinct calls

Use COUNT(DISTINCT call_id) to get the number of unique video calls per group. Handle NULLs appropriately.

5. Validate and optimize

Check for edge cases like multiple countries per call, time zone conversions, and performance considerations (indexes, partitioning).

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of a distinct video call (e.g., unique call_id)
  • How country is associated with a call (user country vs. call origin)
  • Time zone handling for daily aggregation
  • Filtering for video calls only (vs. audio or screen share)
  • Handling of NULL or missing country values
  • Performance considerations for large datasets (indexes, partitioning)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

For every date in the database, compute per-country the number of video calls in the trailing 7-day, 14-day, and 30-day windows ending on that date.

Product Analytics & MetricsAlgorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

This is where I slowed down.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the schema and definitions (e.g., video call event table, country field, date granularity), then propose a windowed aggregation using SQL window functions or a self-join. For each date and country, compute counts over the trailing 7, 14, and 30 days, handling missing dates and ensuring correct partitioning.

Pro tip: Mention that you would pre-aggregate daily counts per country before applying window functions to avoid performance issues, and discuss how to handle countries with no calls on a given date (e.g., using a date spine).

1. Clarify requirements and data model

Ask about the table schema: what defines a video call, how country is determined, and whether dates are continuous. Confirm the exact trailing window definition (inclusive of current date).

2. Pre-aggregate daily counts

Compute the number of video calls per country per day. This reduces data volume and simplifies window calculations.

3. Generate a date spine

Create a complete list of dates (and countries) to ensure all combinations are represented, even if no calls occurred. This avoids gaps in the output.

4. Apply window functions

Use SQL window functions (e.g., SUM with ROWS BETWEEN 6 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) to compute trailing 7, 14, and 30-day sums, partitioned by country and ordered by date.

5. Validate and optimize

Check results for edge cases (e.g., first few dates) and discuss performance considerations like indexing or partitioning for large datasets.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of SQL window functions with ROWS BETWEEN for trailing windows
  • Pre-aggregation to reduce computation on large datasets
  • Handling missing dates/countries via date spine or cross join
  • Partitioning by country and ordering by date
  • Performance considerations: indexing, partitioning, or incremental updates
  • Definition of 'video call' and country attribution (e.g., user's country at call time)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.