← Google Interview Insights

Google·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediateRejected
Aug 2024Remote

Summary

Two virtual rounds with Google for a Software Engineer role, technical and culture fit, both in back-to-back days. Passed the culture fit but got rejected on the technical side after a compilation error in incomplete code tanked the whole thing.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a sparse bit array and a query function that returns whether any 1 exists in a subrange, find the positions of all 1s in the array.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

Started with divide and conquer, recursively narrowing down ranges using the query function.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints and the nature of the query function, then propose an efficient algorithm that leverages the query to locate all 1s without scanning the entire array. Discuss trade-offs between different approaches and analyze time and space complexity.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of real-world constraints by discussing how to handle large sparse arrays and the cost of queries, and mention that the optimal strategy depends on the sparsity and query cost.

1. Clarify the problem

Ask about the size of the bit array, the number of 1s, the cost of the query function, and whether the array is static or dynamic. Confirm that the query function returns a boolean indicating if any 1 exists in a given subrange.

2. Identify naive and optimal approaches

Discuss the naive linear scan and its inefficiency for sparse arrays. Then propose a divide-and-conquer or binary search approach that uses the query function to prune empty ranges.

3. Design the algorithm

Outline a recursive algorithm: for a given range, if the query returns false, stop; if true and the range is a single element, record the position; otherwise, split the range and recurse on both halves. Alternatively, use binary search to find the next 1.

4. Analyze complexity

Derive the time complexity in terms of the number of queries and the number of 1s. For divide-and-conquer, it's O(k log n) queries where k is the number of 1s. Discuss space complexity of recursion.

5. Discuss trade-offs and edge cases

Compare with other methods like segment trees or bitset operations. Address edge cases: no 1s, all 1s, single element, and large ranges. Mention potential optimizations like iterative deepening or using the query to skip large empty blocks.

Key Points to Mention

  • The query function is a black box; we can only call it and get a boolean.
  • Sparsity means the number of 1s (k) is much smaller than the array length (n).
  • Divide-and-conquer or binary search can find all 1s in O(k log n) queries.
  • The algorithm should avoid scanning the entire array when possible.
  • Time complexity depends on both k and n, and the cost per query.
  • Edge cases: empty array, no 1s, all 1s, and ranges of size 1.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.