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Upstart·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Interviewed for a software engineering role at Upstart and got a data manipulation problem involving stock prices. Pretty straightforward on the surface but took a minute to think through the aggregation logic cleanly.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given two lists, one with company names and one with daily stock prices for each company, find the top 3 companies by average stock price.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was to zip the two lists together and compute averages, which worked fine.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the data structure: are the lists parallel (same index corresponds to same company) or is there a mapping? Then, compute the average price per company by summing daily prices and dividing by the number of days, and finally select the top 3 using a min-heap or sorting. Discuss time and space complexity, and consider edge cases like ties or fewer than 3 companies.

Pro tip: Mention that if the lists are large and you only need the top 3, a min-heap of size 3 gives O(n) time instead of O(n log n) sorting, showing you optimize for the specific constraint.

1. Clarify input format and assumptions

Ask whether the two lists are parallel (index-aligned) or if there's a mapping. Confirm that each company has the same number of daily prices and that prices are numeric.

2. Compute average price per company

Iterate through the lists, summing prices per company and counting days. Then divide sum by count to get the average. Use a hash map to store company -> (sum, count).

3. Find top 3 companies by average

Use a min-heap of size 3 to track the top 3 averages efficiently, or sort the averages if simplicity is preferred. Handle ties by any consistent rule.

4. Analyze complexity and edge cases

State time complexity: O(n) with heap, O(n log n) with sorting. Space: O(k) for heap or O(n) for map. Discuss edge cases: fewer than 3 companies, empty lists, negative prices, ties.

5. Write clean code and test

Implement the solution with clear variable names and modular functions. Walk through a small example to verify correctness.

Key Points to Mention

  • Data structure choice: hash map for aggregation, min-heap for top-k selection
  • Time and space complexity trade-offs between sorting and heap
  • Handling edge cases: empty lists, fewer than 3 companies, ties in averages
  • Assumption about parallel lists or mapping between company and prices
  • Potential for streaming data or large datasets (memory considerations)
  • Code clarity and modularity (e.g., separate function for average calculation)

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.