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Meta·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Meta SWE coding round, got a bitmask-style string problem that looked deceptively simple at first glance. The constraint on unique letters across the whole concatenation is the part that trips people up.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of strings, select a subset such that no letter appears more than once across the entire concatenation. Return the maximum possible total length of such a subset.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

The aa case is what gets you if you're not paying attention.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model each string as a bitmask of its letters, discarding any string with duplicate letters. Then use dynamic programming over subsets of the 26-letter alphabet to find the maximum total length of a set of strings with disjoint masks. Alternatively, use backtracking with pruning or meet-in-the-middle for efficiency.

Pro tip: Clarify constraints first (e.g., array size, string length, alphabet size) to choose the right approach; for Meta interviews, discussing trade-offs between brute force and optimized DP shows depth.

1. Clarify constraints and edge cases

Ask about input size, character set (e.g., lowercase English letters), and whether empty strings or duplicates are allowed. This determines the feasible algorithmic complexity.

2. Preprocess strings into bitmasks

For each string, compute a bitmask of its characters. If any character repeats within the string, discard it because it can never be part of a valid subset.

3. Define the DP state and transition

Use DP over masks: dp[mask] = maximum total length achievable using a subset of strings whose combined mask is exactly 'mask'. For each valid string mask, update dp[new_mask] = max(dp[new_mask], dp[mask] + len) if mask & string_mask == 0.

4. Optimize and handle large inputs

If the number of strings is large, consider meet-in-the-middle or branch-and-bound. For 26 letters, DP over 2^26 states is too large, so use a hash map for reachable states or iterate only over valid combinations.

5. Analyze complexity and test

Discuss time and space complexity (e.g., O(2^26) worst-case but often much less). Walk through a small example to verify correctness and edge cases like no valid subset.

Key Points to Mention

  • Bitmask representation of character sets for efficient overlap checks
  • Dynamic programming over subsets (or state compression) to maximize length
  • Discarding strings with duplicate characters early
  • Time and space complexity analysis, including worst-case for 26 letters
  • Alternative approaches: backtracking with pruning, meet-in-the-middle
  • Handling edge cases: empty array, strings with all unique letters, no valid subset

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.