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Amazon·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE online assessment with a trading system optimization problem. The question had a clever constraint that made greedy approaches feel wrong at first.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have a sequence of operations, each with an associated reward. No more than k identical operations can appear consecutively. You can skip operations entirely. Find the maximum total reward achievable from a valid subsequence.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Spent way too long trying to think of this as a pure greedy problem and kept failing the example mentally.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints and define the state for dynamic programming. Use DP where the state tracks the last operation and how many times it has been consecutively chosen, then optimize transitions with prefix maxima or sliding window to achieve O(n) time.

Pro tip: After presenting the DP, mention that you can optimize space to O(k) or even O(1) by keeping running maxima, and discuss how the solution scales if k is large or if operations have dependencies.

1. Clarify and Restate

Ask clarifying questions about input format, constraints (n, k, reward range), and whether operations are independent. Restate the goal: select a subsequence with no more than k consecutive identical operations to maximize sum of rewards.

2. Define DP State and Recurrence

Define dp[i][op][c] as max reward considering first i operations, ending with operation op repeated c times consecutively. Recurrence: either skip operation i, or take it if it's different from previous op (c=1) or same and c<k (c+1).

3. Optimize Transitions

Naive transition is O(n * distinct_ops * k). Optimize by maintaining for each operation the best value for each count c, and for switching operations, keep the global best and second-best to avoid O(distinct_ops) per step. This yields O(n * k) or O(n) with further optimization.

4. Handle Edge Cases and Complexity

Consider cases where k=0 (no operations allowed), k>=n (no restriction), all operations identical, or negative rewards (skip all). Analyze time and space complexity and discuss possible space optimization.

5. Test with Examples

Walk through a small example to verify the DP transitions and edge cases. If time permits, mention alternative approaches like greedy with priority queue or segment tree, but emphasize DP as the robust solution.

Key Points to Mention

  • Dynamic programming with state (index, last operation, consecutive count)
  • Transition: skip or take operation, respecting the k-consecutive constraint
  • Optimization using prefix maxima or maintaining best and second-best values to reduce time complexity
  • Time complexity O(n * k) or O(n) with optimization, space O(k) or O(1) per operation
  • Handling negative rewards by skipping operations
  • Edge cases: k=0, k>=n, all operations identical

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.