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Amplitude·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Got a coding question from Amplitude for a software engineer role, dictionary encoding compression. Pretty self-contained problem but there are a few edge cases that'll trip you up if you're not careful.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement an encode function and a decode function for dictionary encoding compression. The encoder takes a comma-separated string of words and outputs a compressed string where unique words form a dictionary and each original word is replaced by its index. The decoder reconstructs the original string from that compressed format alone, with no extra data passed along.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The problem looks clean on the surface until you realize the decoder has to figure out where the dictionary ends and the index list begins just from the compressed string.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the exact format of the compressed string and the constraints (e.g., delimiter choices, handling of special characters). Then design a self-contained format that embeds the dictionary and the index sequence, ensuring the decoder can parse it unambiguously. Walk through an example to validate the design and discuss trade-offs like delimiter escaping and compression ratio.

Pro tip: Choose delimiters that cannot appear in the input (e.g., '|' and ';') and explicitly state that assumption; this avoids complex escaping and keeps the solution clean. Also, mention that the decoder must parse the dictionary before the indices, so the format should place the dictionary first.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input format, allowed characters, and whether the compressed string must be human-readable. Confirm that the decoder receives only the compressed string.

2. Design the compressed format

Decide on a structure: dictionary entries separated by a delimiter, then a separator, then indices separated by another delimiter. Ensure the format is unambiguous and self-describing.

3. Implement the encoder

Split the input by commas, build a dictionary mapping unique words to indices (order of first appearance), and construct the compressed string by joining dictionary entries and indices with chosen delimiters.

4. Implement the decoder

Parse the compressed string by splitting on the main separator to separate dictionary from indices, then split each part by their respective delimiters. Reconstruct the original string by replacing each index with the corresponding dictionary word.

5. Test and discuss trade-offs

Test with edge cases (empty input, repeated words, special characters). Discuss trade-offs: delimiter choice, escaping, compression effectiveness, and alternative formats like JSON.

Key Points to Mention

  • Choice of delimiters and the need for escaping if input may contain them
  • Order of dictionary entries (e.g., first occurrence) and its impact on compression
  • Handling edge cases: empty input, single word, all unique words, repeated words
  • Time and space complexity: O(n) for both encoding and decoding
  • Trade-offs between simplicity and robustness (e.g., using JSON vs custom format)
  • Self-contained format: decoder must not rely on external data

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.