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Openai·Machine Learning Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Interviewed for an ML Engineer role at OpenAI and got a coding round that was way more language-theory-heavy than I expected. They had me build a working interpreter from scratch, which felt closer to a compilers course than anything ML-adjacent.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement an interpreter for a small toy programming language that supports variable assignment, basic arithmetic operations, and a print statement. Then be prepared to extend it with conditionals, loops, or function calls.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This wrecked me a little.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the language's grammar and semantics, then design a clean architecture (lexer, parser, evaluator) that separates concerns and is easily extensible. Implement the core features incrementally, testing each component, and structure the evaluator with a visitor pattern or dispatch table to simplify adding conditionals, loops, and functions later.

Pro tip: Emphasize extensibility from the start: use an AST with distinct node types and a visitor pattern, so adding new language constructs requires minimal changes to existing code. Also, discuss how you would test each component and handle errors gracefully.

1. Clarify requirements and scope

Ask clarifying questions about the language syntax, supported operations, error handling, and performance expectations. Define a minimal but complete grammar for the core features.

2. Design the architecture

Outline a modular design: lexer to tokenize input, parser to build an AST, and an evaluator to execute the AST. Choose data structures (e.g., environment for variables) and patterns (e.g., visitor) that support extension.

3. Implement core components

Code the lexer, parser, and evaluator for assignment, arithmetic, and print. Use recursive descent parsing for simplicity and an environment map for variable storage.

4. Test and validate

Write unit tests for each component and integration tests for sample programs. Ensure error cases (e.g., undefined variables, syntax errors) are handled gracefully.

5. Plan for extensions

Explain how to add conditionals, loops, and functions: extend the grammar, add AST nodes, and update the evaluator with new visit methods. Discuss potential challenges like scoping and control flow.

Key Points to Mention

  • Separation of concerns: lexer, parser, evaluator
  • Use of AST and visitor pattern for extensibility
  • Environment for variable storage and scoping
  • Error handling and reporting
  • Testing strategy (unit and integration tests)
  • Trade-offs: simplicity vs. performance, recursive descent vs. parser generators

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.