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Ramp·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Coding round for a Software Engineer role at Ramp. One algorithmic problem, string manipulation flavored, but the constraint about needing a near-linear solution is what made it actually interesting rather than a trivial loop.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a string and an integer k where the string length is divisible by k, partition the string into consecutive non-overlapping blocks of length k. Return the minimum number of single-character replacements needed to make every block a palindrome.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

My first instinct was correct: for each block, just count mismatched mirror pairs and each mismatch costs one replacement.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the problem and edge cases, then propose an efficient solution that groups characters by their position within each block and counts the minimum replacements per group. Analyze time and space complexity, and discuss potential trade-offs or optimizations.

Pro tip: Emphasize that the minimum replacements for each group is the group size minus the maximum frequency of any character in that group, and mention that this approach generalizes to any k. This shows you understand the core insight and can communicate it clearly.

1. Clarify the problem

Restate the problem in your own words, confirm that the string length is divisible by k, and ask about edge cases (e.g., k=1, k=length).

2. Identify the core insight

Explain that characters at the same offset within each block must be equal to form palindromes, so we can process each offset independently.

3. Design the algorithm

For each offset from 0 to k-1, collect all characters at that offset across blocks, count their frequencies, and compute the minimum replacements as the group size minus the maximum frequency.

4. Analyze complexity

State that the time complexity is O(n) where n is the string length, and space complexity is O(n) or O(1) depending on implementation (e.g., using a fixed-size array for frequencies).

5. Discuss trade-offs and optimizations

Mention that the solution is optimal and can be implemented in a single pass; discuss potential variations like handling multiple test cases or streaming input.

Key Points to Mention

  • Grouping characters by their position within each block (offset)
  • For each group, the minimum replacements = group size - max frequency of any character
  • Time complexity: O(n) where n is the string length
  • Space complexity: O(1) if using a fixed-size frequency array (since alphabet is limited)
  • Edge cases: k=1 (already palindromes, 0 replacements), k=n (check if whole string is palindrome)
  • The solution works for any alphabet size and is optimal

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.