Start by clarifying requirements and scale (e.g., number of concurrent users, contest frequency, languages supported). Then walk through the high-level architecture covering the contest lifecycle, judging system, leaderboard, anti-cheating, and surge handling. Finally, dive deep into 1-2 areas like sandboxing or real-time leaderboard, discussing trade-offs and optimizations.
Pro tip: Emphasize idempotency and exactly-once processing in judging to avoid duplicate submissions and ensure fairness. Also, mention using a CDN and edge caching for static assets to handle surge at contest start.
Ask about expected number of concurrent participants, contest frequency, supported languages, and latency requirements for leaderboard updates. This sets the stage for design decisions.
Outline the main components: API gateway, contest service, submission queue, judging workers, leaderboard service, and data stores. Explain how they interact during a contest.
Describe how contests are created, scheduled, started, and ended. Detail the data model for contests, problems, submissions, and users, considering read/write patterns.
Explain the sandboxing approach (e.g., containers, seccomp, cgroups) for running untrusted code. Discuss anti-cheating measures like plagiarism detection, monitoring, and randomized test cases.
Design the leaderboard using in-memory data stores (e.g., Redis sorted sets) with pub/sub for updates. Address surge at contest start with autoscaling, queueing, and rate limiting.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.