← Apple Interview Insights

Apple·Product Manager·Onsite - Product Sense / Strategy·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Got a classic estimation question at Apple, the kind where there's no right answer but they're clearly watching how you think out loud.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Estimate the total weight of the Empire State Building.

Adaptability & AmbiguityProduct Analytics & Metrics
Author's notes

I froze for a second because my first instinct was to think about the steel frame, but then I realized I had no idea how to anchor that number.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Break the problem into manageable components: estimate the building's volume by approximating its dimensions and shape, then multiply by an average density that accounts for steel, concrete, and air. State your assumptions clearly and round numbers to simplify calculations, focusing on the reasoning process rather than the exact answer.

Pro tip: Start by clarifying whether the estimate should include only the structure or also contents like furniture and people; this shows you think about scope and can adapt to ambiguous requirements. Also, use a top-down approach: estimate the total volume first, then apply a density factor, rather than trying to sum every component.

1. Clarify scope and assumptions

Ask if the estimate includes just the building structure or also contents, and state any assumptions about occupancy, materials, etc. This demonstrates you can handle ambiguity.

2. Estimate dimensions and volume

Approximate the building as a rectangular prism: use known height (about 1,250 feet to roof, 1,450 with antenna) and estimate base area (about 100,000 sq ft). Multiply to get total volume in cubic feet.

3. Determine average density

Assume the building is mostly empty space with steel and concrete. Use an average density of about 10-20% of solid steel (490 lb/ft³) or roughly 50-100 lb/ft³. Justify with reasoning about structure vs. air.

4. Calculate weight and sanity-check

Multiply volume by density to get total weight. Compare with known benchmarks (e.g., similar skyscrapers weigh around 365,000 tons) to validate your estimate.

5. Communicate answer with confidence

Present your final estimate with a range (e.g., 300,000-400,000 tons) and explain key uncertainties. Emphasize the process over precision.

Key Points to Mention

  • Stating assumptions explicitly (e.g., including or excluding contents, average density).
  • Using a top-down approach: volume first, then density.
  • Rounding numbers to simplify calculations (e.g., 100,000 sq ft base, 1,250 ft height).
  • Justifying density with reasoning about steel, concrete, and air.
  • Sanity-checking against known data (e.g., similar buildings weigh ~365,000 tons).
  • Acknowledging uncertainty and providing a range rather than a single number.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.