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Amazon·Data Scientist·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jul 2026

Summary

Amazon data scientist interview with a SQL-heavy technical screen. Two questions, both around aggregations and date functions, nothing too wild but you need to be comfortable writing clean GROUP BY queries under pressure.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Write a SQL query to find the top three customers by total amount spent.

Product Analytics & MetricsData Modeling
Author's notes

Pretty standard aggregation question.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the schema and business definitions (e.g., what constitutes a customer, how to handle returns/refunds, and the time window). Then write a query that aggregates total spend per customer, orders descending, and limits to the top 3, using window functions or ORDER BY with LIMIT depending on SQL dialect and tie-handling requirements.

Pro tip: Mention how you would handle ties (e.g., using DENSE_RANK to include all customers with the same total) and discuss performance considerations like indexing on customer_id and order_date, which shows you think beyond just writing a query.

1. Clarify requirements and schema

Ask about the tables involved (e.g., customers, orders, order_items), the definition of 'total amount spent' (e.g., sum of order totals, excluding returns), and the time period. Confirm whether ties should be included or broken arbitrarily.

2. Identify the aggregation and join logic

Determine the necessary joins (e.g., customers to orders) and the aggregation: SUM(amount) grouped by customer. Consider whether to filter out cancelled orders or returns.

3. Write the query with ranking or ordering

Use a window function like RANK() or DENSE_RANK() over the total spend, or simply ORDER BY total_spend DESC LIMIT 3. Choose based on tie-handling requirements and SQL dialect.

4. Validate and optimize

Check for edge cases (e.g., customers with no orders, nulls) and discuss performance optimizations like indexing or using CTEs for readability.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of GROUP BY and SUM to calculate total spend per customer
  • Handling ties with RANK() or DENSE_RANK() versus LIMIT
  • Consideration of time window (e.g., last year, all time) and its impact on results
  • Exclusion of cancelled orders or returns if applicable
  • Performance implications: indexing on customer_id and order_date, avoiding unnecessary joins
  • Readability: using CTEs or subqueries to break down the logic

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Write a SQL query to return the number of orders per month for 2023, sorted in chronological order.

Product Analytics & MetricsData Modeling
Author's notes

Blanked for a second on the exact date truncation syntax.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the table schema and the definition of 'orders per month' (e.g., count of distinct orders). Then write a SQL query that filters for 2023, groups by month, counts orders, and orders the results chronologically. Use DATE_TRUNC or EXTRACT to extract the month and ensure proper sorting.

Pro tip: Mention that you would validate the query by checking edge cases like months with zero orders and ensuring the date range is correctly bounded. Also, discuss performance considerations such as indexing on the order date column.

1. Clarify requirements and schema

Ask about the table structure, column names, and whether 'orders per month' means count of orders or distinct customers. Confirm the date range and time zone.

2. Filter for 2023

Use a WHERE clause to restrict the data to orders placed in 2023, ensuring the date column is properly formatted.

3. Group by month

Use DATE_TRUNC('month', order_date) or EXTRACT(MONTH FROM order_date) to group orders by month. Include the year if necessary.

4. Count orders and sort

Apply COUNT(*) or COUNT(DISTINCT order_id) to get the number of orders per month, then ORDER BY the month in ascending order.

5. Validate and optimize

Check for missing months (e.g., using a calendar table or generate_series) and consider indexing for performance.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of DATE_TRUNC or EXTRACT for month extraction
  • Filtering with WHERE order_date >= '2023-01-01' AND order_date < '2024-01-01'
  • Grouping by the extracted month and ordering chronologically
  • Handling months with zero orders (e.g., LEFT JOIN with a calendar table)
  • Performance considerations: indexing on order_date
  • Difference between COUNT(*) and COUNT(DISTINCT order_id) based on business definition

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.