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Mistral AI·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
Jun 2026Remote

Summary

Did a technical screen for a software engineer role at Mistral AI. The whole thing was one multi-part algorithmic problem built around GPU cluster scheduling, which I thought was a clever framing for a DP question but also kind of brutal in how it escalated.

Questions Asked (3)

Q1

You have n GPU clusters each with a fixed daily capacity. Given usage records per day per cluster, compute the remaining capacity of each cluster at the end of every distinct day that appears in the input, returned as a 2D array in ascending day order.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Pretty straightforward setup question, basically just grouping and subtracting.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the input format: whether usage records are given as a list of (day, cluster, usage) tuples or a 2D array. Then, aggregate usage per cluster per day using a hash map or by sorting, and compute remaining capacity as fixed capacity minus total usage for each distinct day, outputting rows in ascending day order.

Pro tip: Mention that you would handle edge cases like usage exceeding capacity (remaining could be negative) and ensure the output includes all clusters for every distinct day, even if a cluster had zero usage that day.

1. Clarify input and output

Ask whether usage is given as a list of records or a matrix, and confirm that output should be a 2D array with rows for each distinct day in ascending order and columns for each cluster.

2. Extract distinct days and sort

Collect all unique days from the input and sort them in ascending order to determine the row order of the output.

3. Aggregate usage per cluster per day

Use a hash map keyed by day and cluster to sum usage, or sort records by day and cluster and accumulate. This handles multiple records for the same day and cluster.

4. Compute remaining capacity

For each distinct day and each cluster, subtract the aggregated usage from the fixed daily capacity. If no usage exists for a cluster on a day, the remaining capacity is the full capacity.

5. Build and return result

Construct the 2D array by iterating over sorted days and clusters, placing remaining capacities in the correct order. Discuss time and space complexity.

Key Points to Mention

  • Time complexity: O(N log N) due to sorting days, or O(N) with hash map if days are already sorted; space complexity O(D*C) for output.
  • Handling multiple usage records for the same day and cluster by summing them.
  • Ensuring all clusters are represented for each distinct day, even if usage is zero.
  • Potential for negative remaining capacity if usage exceeds capacity; clarify if that's allowed.
  • Choice of data structures: hash map for aggregation, or sorting for ordered processing.
  • Edge cases: empty input, single day, single cluster, large number of clusters/days.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Given the remaining cluster capacities per day from part 1, find the maximum total GPUs a workload can access if it can freely pick any cluster each day with no switching limit.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

No constraint on switching so you just take the max remaining capacity across clusters for each day and sum them up.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the problem as a maximum flow or bipartite matching where each day's cluster capacity is a source of GPUs and the workload can draw from any cluster each day. Since there is no switching limit, the total maximum GPUs is simply the sum of the maximum daily capacities, but verify if the workload has a total demand or per-day constraints. If the workload can freely pick any cluster each day, the answer is the sum of the maximum capacity per day across all clusters.

Pro tip: Clarify whether the workload can use multiple clusters on the same day and whether there is a total GPU requirement; if not, the problem reduces to summing daily maxima, but mentioning flow-based generalization shows depth.

1. Understand the problem constraints

Confirm that the workload can choose any cluster each day without switching penalties and that there is no limit on the number of clusters used per day. Identify if there is a total demand or if we are maximizing total GPUs over the period.

2. Define the objective

If the goal is to maximize total GPUs accessed over all days, and the workload can use all available capacity each day, then the maximum is the sum over days of the maximum capacity among clusters for that day.

3. Compute daily maxima

For each day, find the cluster with the highest remaining capacity. Sum these daily maxima to get the total maximum GPUs.

4. Consider alternative interpretations

If the workload has a fixed total demand or per-day demand, or if there are constraints like using only one cluster per day, then model as a flow problem. But given 'freely pick any cluster each day with no switching limit', the sum of daily maxima is correct.

5. Validate with examples

Test with small examples to ensure the sum of daily maxima matches the expected maximum. If there are dependencies between days (e.g., capacity changes due to usage), adjust accordingly.

Key Points to Mention

  • The problem reduces to summing the maximum capacity per day if there are no constraints on total usage or switching.
  • If the workload can use multiple clusters per day, the daily maximum is the sum of all cluster capacities for that day, but the question implies picking any cluster (singular) each day, so it's the max per day.
  • Clarify whether 'freely pick any cluster each day' means one cluster per day or any combination; the phrasing suggests one cluster per day.
  • Mention that if there were a total GPU limit, it would be a min-cut/max-flow problem.
  • Time complexity: O(days * clusters) to compute daily maxima, which is optimal.
  • Edge cases: days with zero capacity, clusters with equal capacity, etc.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

Same setup as part 2, but now the workload can switch clusters at most K times total across all days. Maximize the total GPUs accessed.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This is where I actually had to think.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the problem as a dynamic programming over days and clusters, where the state includes the number of switches used so far. For each day, decide to stay on the current cluster or switch to another, updating the maximum GPUs accordingly. Optimize by precomputing prefix sums of GPUs per cluster to quickly compute daily gains.

Pro tip: Clarify whether K is the maximum number of switches allowed or exactly K, and whether switching on the same day is allowed. Also, discuss time and space complexity trade-offs, and consider if K is small enough for a DP with state (day, cluster, switches) or if a more efficient approach like divide and conquer DP optimization is needed.

1. Define the DP state

Let dp[i][j][k] represent the maximum GPUs obtainable up to day i, ending on cluster j, having used exactly k switches. Initialize for day 0 with 0 switches.

2. Establish transitions

For each day i and cluster j, either stay on j (no switch) or switch from another cluster l (switch count increases by 1). Take the maximum over all possibilities.

3. Optimize with prefix sums

Precompute prefix sums of GPUs per cluster to compute the total GPUs gained from day a to day b on a cluster in O(1) time, enabling efficient transition calculations.

4. Handle base cases and answer

Initialize dp for day 0, iterate through days, and finally take the maximum over all clusters and switch counts up to K. Return the maximum GPUs.

5. Analyze complexity and potential optimizations

The naive DP is O(D * C^2 * K). If C or K is large, consider optimizations like maintaining best previous states or using divide and conquer DP if the cost function is monotonic.

Key Points to Mention

  • Dynamic programming state definition including day, current cluster, and number of switches used.
  • Transition logic: staying on the same cluster vs. switching to a different cluster, and how switch count increments.
  • Use of prefix sums to compute GPUs for any interval on a cluster in O(1) time.
  • Time and space complexity analysis: O(D * C^2 * K) time and O(D * C * K) space, with possible optimizations.
  • Edge cases: K=0 (no switches allowed), K >= D (effectively unlimited switches), and days with zero GPUs.
  • Clarification questions: whether switching on the same day is allowed, and if K is a maximum or exact number of switches.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.