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Circle·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Circle SWE interview had me working through a multi-level banking system problem on what felt like a CodeSignal-style platform. Just level one, but the operations stack up fast once you factor in all the edge cases.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a basic banking system with createAccount, deposit, and transfer operations, each taking a timestamp. createAccount should return false if the account already exists, deposit should return the new balance or null if the account is missing, and transfer should move funds between two accounts and return the source's new balance, handling failures like missing accounts, same source and target, or insufficient funds.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem DesignAPI & Integrations
Author's notes

The createAccount and deposit parts were fine, pretty mechanical.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the API contract and edge cases first, then design a simple in-memory data structure (e.g., a hash map) that supports O(1) lookups and updates. Implement each operation with explicit validation and return values, and discuss how you would test the system and extend it for concurrency or persistence.

Pro tip: Mention that you would use a lock or transactional semantics to ensure atomicity in transfer, especially if the system is concurrent, and discuss how timestamps could be used for auditing or ordering.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask questions to confirm the expected behavior for each operation, including return values, error conditions, and whether timestamps affect logic or are just for logging.

2. Design data structures and API

Choose a data structure (e.g., hash map) to store accounts and balances, and define the method signatures with clear return types and error handling.

3. Implement operations with validation

Write code for createAccount, deposit, and transfer, ensuring each checks preconditions (e.g., account existence, sufficient funds) and returns the specified values.

4. Test and handle edge cases

Walk through test cases for success and failure scenarios, including missing accounts, duplicate creation, same-account transfer, and insufficient funds.

5. Discuss scalability and extensions

Mention how to handle concurrency (e.g., locks), persistence, and additional features like transaction history, showing awareness of system design.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash map for O(1) account lookups and updates.
  • Validate inputs and handle all specified error conditions explicitly.
  • Ensure transfer is atomic to avoid race conditions in concurrent environments.
  • Consider using timestamps for auditing or ordering transactions.
  • Write unit tests covering success and failure paths.
  • Discuss potential extensions like persistence, transaction logs, or multi-currency support.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.